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Term 3 FINALS > X-Ray > Flashcards

X-Ray Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following will result in a scattered photon?
(Select 1)(1pts)

Compton
Characteristic
Photoelectric
Bremstrahlung

A

Compton

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2
Q

Which of the following is a solid state device that converts light into an electric current?
(Select 1)(1pts)

 	Storage phosphor 	
  	Photodiode 	
 	Photostimulable phosphor 	
  	Image Plate 	
 	All of the above
A

Photodiode

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3
Q 
In 1906 Bergonie and Tribondeau established their law, which states that cells are more radiosensitive if they 
1.     are young
2.     are stem cells
3.     have a low proliferation rate
(Select 1)(1pts)

2 and 3 only
1 and 3 only
1 only
1 and 2 only

A

1 and 2 only

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4
Q

What unit of measure expresses the amount of energy (radiation) deposited in tissue?
(Select 1)(1pts)

roentgen
rad
RBE
rem

A

rad

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5
Q

Which of the following will help reduce image magnification?
(Select 1)(1pts)

 	using an air gap technique 	
  	using a short SID 	
  	using a short OID 	
 	using filtration 	
 	All of the above
A

using a short OID

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6
Q

Which of the following is true regarding Computed Radiography (CR)?
(Select 1)(1pts)

it has no clinically applicable benefits
it uses a scanner
it results in very high patient radiation doses compared to digital radiography (DR)
image acquisition time is shorter than digital radiography (DR)

A

it uses a scanner

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7
Q

Which of the following is an advantage of using intensifying screens?
(Select 1)(1pts)

decrease scatter radiation
decrease patient radiation dose
increase patient radiation dose
increase scatter radiation

A

decrease patient radiation dose

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8
Q

Which of the following is true regarding Computed Radiography (CR)?
(Select 1)(1pts)

doubling mAs will halve quantum mottle
doubling mAs will double quantum mottle
doubling mas will halve optical density
doubling mAs will double optical density

A

doubling mAs will halve quantum mottle

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9
Q

Which of the following is defined as the dose that, if delivered to an entire population, would produce the same effect as that produced by gonadal doses to individuals?
(Select 1)(1pts)

 	public exposure limit 	
  	genetically significant dose 	
 	disease threshold dose 	
 	occupational dose limit 	
 	None of the above
A

genetically significant dose

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10
Q

Which of the following rules/concepts/laws apply to both screen film radiography and digital/computed radiography?
(Select 1)(1pts)

 	Inverse Square Law 	
 	Anode-Heel effect 	
 	Grid function 	
 	Beam collimation 	
  	All of the above
A

All of the above

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11
Q

Which of the following will result in an increased patient radiation dose?
(Select 1)(1pts)

 	Using collimation 	
  	Using a grid 	
 	Using intensifying screens 	
 	Using filtration 	
 	All of the above
A

Using a grid

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12
Q

Which of the following is an advantage to using Digital/Computed radiography when compared with screen film radiography?
(Select 1)(1pts)

 	Wide latitude 	
 	Reduced processing time 	
 	Ease of storage and retrieval 	
 	Post processing enhancement of images 	
  	All of the above 	
 	None of the above
A

All of the above

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13
Q

Which of the following results in an effective focal spot size much smaller than the actual focal spot size?
(Select 1)(1pts)

 	collimator 	
 	added filtration 	
  	line-focus principle 	
 	rotating anode 	
 	All of the above
A

line-focus principle

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14
Q

Biologic material is MOST sensitive to radiation under which of the following conditions?
(Select 1)(1pts)

oxygenated
anoxic
hypoxic
deoxygenated

A

oxygenated

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15
Q

The photoelectric effect is an interaction between a(n) _____________ and an inner-shell electron.
(Select 1)(1pts)

nucleus
inner-shell electron
high energy photon
outer-shell electron

A

high energy photon

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16
Q

Which of the following will produce the sharpest image?
(Select 1)(1pts)

large OID, small SID
small OID, large SID
small OID, small SID
large OID, large SID

A

small OID, large SID

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17
Q

Which of the following layers of x-ray film is considered to be the “active layer”?
(Select 1)(1pts)

  	emulsion 	
 	adhesive layer 	
 	overcoat 	
 	base 	
 	All of the above
A

emulsion

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18
Q

Which of the following is true regarding stochastic effects if the radiation exposure is increased?
(Select 1)(1pts)

increase probability of effects
increase severity of effects
decrease severity of effects
decrease probability of effects

A

increase probability of effects

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19
Q

Which of the following is the medical radiation dose limit for diagnostic radiography?
(Select 1)(1pts)

there is no dose limit
5 mSv
10 mSv
1 mSv

A

there is no dose limit

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20
Q

What is the purpose of the lead foil layer in the back of the cassette?
(Select 1)(1pts)

prevents backscatter that could fog the film
acts as a layer of filtration for the x-ray beam
converts x-ray photons into light photons
maintains good film/screen contact
All of the above

A

prevents backscatter that could fog the film

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21
Q

Which of the following is NOT affected by changing the SID (Source to Image Receptor Distance)?
(Select 1)(1pts)

optical density
focal spot blur
contrast
magnification

A

contrast

22
Q

Which of the following is the unit of absorbed radiation dose?
(Select 1)(1pts)

rad
curie
roentgen
rem

A

rad

23
Q

How are the contrast and latitude of an imaging system related?
(Select 1)(1pts)

they are second cousins
they are inversely proportional
they are not related
they are directly proportional

A

they are inversely proportional

24
Q

Which of the following will absorb the most scatter?
(Select 1)(1pts)

5: 1 Parallel Grid
12: 1 Focused Grid
10: 1 Parallel Grid
8: 1 Crossed Grid

A

8:1 Crossed Grid

25
Q

Which of the following will produce an artifact of decreased optical density on the film?
(Select 1)(1pts)

 	cassette light leak 	
  	scratching of the emulsion 	
 	static electricity 	
 	expired film 	
 	All of the above 	
 	None of the above
A

scratching of the emulsion

26
Q

If you increase the exposure time only, the result is:
___________ in x-ray quantity and ___________ in x-ray energy.
(Select 1)(1pts)

  	increase, no change 	
 	decrease, no change 	
 	no change, increase 	
 	no change, decrease 	
 	decrease, decrease 	
 	increase, increase 	
 	increase, decrease
A

increase, no change

27
Q

Which of the following is true regarding radiography techniques with high kVp values as compared with low kVp techniques?
(Select 1)(1pts)

results in low patient radiation dose
increases photoelectric absorption in the patient
results in high image contrast
can render the patient radioactive
All of the above

A

results in low patient radiation dose

28
Q

For diagnostic radiography, which of the following represents the least amount of radiation?
(Select 1)(1pts)

 	0.1 Sv 	
 	10 mGy 	
 	0.01 rad 	
  	100 mR 	
  	1 mrem
A

1 mrem

29
Q

Which of the following is true regarding fast image receptors as compared with slow image receptors?
(Select 1)(1pts)

higher contrast resolution
lower noise
lower patient radiation dose
higher spatial resolution

A

lower patient radiation dose

30
Q

Which of the following is true regarding photostimulable phosphor imaging plates?
(Select 1)(1pts)

requires processing in order to obtain the manifest image
can be erased and reused
does not require the use of a dark room
is encased in a protective cassette
All of the above

A

All of the above

31
Q

Increasing the frequency of electromagnetic energy results in which of the following?
(Select 1)(1pts)

no affect on energy or wavelength
increased energy
decreased energy
increased wavelength

A

increased energy

32
Q

The maximum energy in an x-ray beam is determined by the:
(Select 1)(1pts)

kVp
mA
exposure time
current flowing to the cathode

A

kVp

33
Q

The ratio of heat to to x-rays produced at the target of an x-ray tube is approximately:
(Select 1)(1pts)

1: 99
50: 50
80: 20
99: 1

A

99:1

34
Q

Which of the following acute radiation syndromes affords the greatest likelihood of survival?
(Select 1)(1pts)

hematologic syndrome
pulmonary syndrome
central nervous system syndrome
gastrointestinal syndrome

A

hematologic syndrome

35
Q

Random density present on a radiograph which adds to the overall optical density is termed:
(Select 1)(1pts)

 	contrast 	
 	paralax 	
 	lag 	
  	fog 	
 	None of the above
A

fog

36
Q

If the acquisition of radiographs is not likely to alter the course of treatment for the patient, then the exposure of that patient to ionizing radiation is considered _________________?
(Select 1)(1pts)

unessesary
recommended
mandated
above their dose limit

A

unessesary

37
Q

Which portion of an exposed film will show greater optical density?
(Select 1)(1pts)

 	the portion nearest the annode 	
  	the portion nearest the cathode 	
 	the anode and cathode sides will be evenly exposed 	
 	the central portion of the film 	
  	None of the above
A

the portion nearest the cathode

38
Q

Hematologic, Gastrointestinal and Central Nervous System syndromes are:
(Select 1)(1pts)

syndromes associated with blood, GI and CNS mutations in the offspring
syndromes associated with carcinogenesis
types of acute lethal radiation syndromes
types of fetal genetic mutations
All of the above

A

types of acute lethal radiation syndromes

39
Q

Which of the following cell types is the most radiosensitive?
(Select 1)(1pts)

Muscle cells
Lymphocytes
Nerve cells
Skin cells

A

Lymphocytes

40
Q

The annual dose limit for the general public is ________ mSv/yr.
(Select 1)(1pts)

1
5
10
0.1

A

1

41
Q

The cathode is ___________ charged and has 2 primary components, the _____________ and the _____________.
(Select 1)(1pts)

negatively, filament and focusing cup
positively, rotor and tungsten target
positively, filament and focusing cup
negatively, rotor and tungsten target

A

negatively, filament and focusing cup

42
Q

According to the Syllabus on Radiography Radiation Protection; Appendix No. 5, what is the dose limit for the fetus/embryo of an occupationally exposed worker during the entire pregnancy?
(Select 1)(1pts)

0.5 rem
0 rem
0.05 rem
5 rem

A

0.5 rem

43
Q

Why are artifacts considered undesirable?
(Select 1)(1pts)

They contribute to excessive levels of doctor radiation dose
They may result in increased patient radiation dose
They clean up too much scatter
No one knows, they just are
All of the above

A

They may result in increased patient radiation dose

44
Q

Which of the following will increase image sharpness (improve resolution)?
(Select 1)(1pts)

 	using a grid 	
 	using a long SID 	
 	using a small focal spot 	
 	limiting patient motion 	
  	All of the above
A

All of the above

45
Q

“The ability to image small objects that have high subject contrast” is the definition of:
(Select 1)(1pts)

Spatial resolution
Quantum Mottle
Latitude
Contrast resolution

A

Spatial resolution

46
Q

Quantum Mottle of a plain film radiograph can be minimized by:
(Select 1)(1pts)

using a slow film/screen speed
using a high kVp/low mAs technique
using a large SID (Source to Image Receptor Distance)
using fewer x-ray photons for the exposure
All of the above

A

using a slow film/screen speed

47
Q

Optical density is defined as:
(Select 1)(1pts)

film darkness
film sharpness
margin of error
# of shades of gray

A

film darkness

48
Q

The CONTINUOUS spectrum of x-ray energies from an x-ray tube is a result of which of the following
(Select 1)(1pts)

ejection of an inner-shell electron
deceleration of projectile electrons in the target
ejection of an outer-shell electron
transition of electrons between atomic energy levels
All of the above

A

deceleration of projectile electrons in the target

49
Q

What spectrum of light is used to erase the PSP (photostimulable phosphor) plate?
(Select 1)(1pts)

White
Red
Green
Blue

A

White

50
Q

Which of the following interactions will result in complete absorption of the incident photon?
(Select 1)(1pts)

Photoelectric
Coherent
Thompson
Compton

A

Photoelectric

51
Q

triple phase full rectified and high frequency generators are the best because they have the lowest percent of ripple. the most ideal is the _____________ because it has less than 1% ripple.

A

high frequency

52
Q

After this, read through the review slides in week 14 lecture

A

and draw the graphs 5 times each!!!

Term 3 FINALS (4 decks)

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