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Term 3 FINALS > CR phys > Flashcards

CR phys Flashcards

1
Q

1) Which of the following are true concerning the nodal cells?

A. the SA node is a group of cells positioned on the wall of the right atrium
B. the tertiary pacemakers fire at a rate between 30-40 per minute
C. the SA node is responsible for the rest of the heart’s electrical activity
D.A & B
E.A & B & C

A

E.A & B & C

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2
Q

2) The purpose of having valves in the cardiovascular system is to:
A. provide sounds so that the heart can be monitored
B. prevent blood from flowing too quickly
C. reduce blood pressure
D. provide the force for circulation
E.ensure that blood flows in one direction

A

E.ensure that blood flows in one direction

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3
Q 
3) The A-V delay is due to: 
A.	small fiber size
B.	less negative resting membrane potential
C.	few gap junctions
D.	A & B
E.	A & B & C
A

E. A & B & C

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4
Q 
4) The tricuspid valve regulates blood flow between which two chambers of the heart?
A.	right atrium and left ventricle
B.	right atrium and right ventricle
C.	left atrium and right ventricle
D.	left atrium and left ventricle
E.	none of the above
A

B. right atrium and right ventricle

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5
Q

5) Which of the following statements is incorrectly matched with its function?
A. the p wave of the EKG occurs during atrial repolarization
B. the p wave of the EKG occurs during atrial depolarization
C. the QRS complex of the EKG occurs during ventricular depolarization
D. the T wave of the EKG occurs during ventricular repolarization
E. all of the above are true

A

A. the p wave of the EKG occurs during atrial repolarization

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6
Q 
6) Heart rate is regulated by:
A.	temperature
B.	ions
C.	epinephrine/norepinephrine
D.	A & B
E.	A & B & C
A

E. A & B & C

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7
Q

7) With regards to end-systolic volume (ESV):
A. ventricular emptying is the result of dilating the ventricles
B. ventricular emptying is the result of contracting the ventricles
C. if there is an increase in epinephrine, norepinephrine, or calcium ions, the strength of the contraction will increase
D. A & B
E. B & C

A

E. B & C

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8
Q 
8) Perfusion pertains to:
A.	maintenance of adequate blood flow through an organ
B.	the driving force behind blood flow
C.	delivery of oxygen to cells
D.	blood flow through the lungs
E.	none of the above
A

A. maintenance of adequate blood flow through an organ

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9
Q 
9) As the arterial system leaves the heart, the vessels:
A.	divide and branch
B.	become less elastic and more muscular
C.	become smaller in diameter
D.	A & B
E.	A & B & C
A

E. A & B & C

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10
Q

10) Blood flow to a tissue will increase if the:
A. level of oxygen to a tissue increases
B. level of carbon dioxide at the tissue increases
C. pH rises
D. vessel constricts
E. all of the above

A

B. level of carbon dioxide at the tissue increases

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11
Q 
11) Which of the following factors regulate blood volume?
A.	trauma
B.	antidiuretic hormone
C.	renin-angiotensin
D.	A & B
E.	A & B & C
A

E. A & B & C

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12
Q

12) In terms of blood vessel diameter, the blood vessel:
A. diameter can be altered by both neural control
B. diameter can be altered by chemical control
C. if the diameter is reduced vascoconstriction occurs
D. if the diameter is increased, vascodilation occurs
E. all of the above are true

A

E. all of the above are true

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13
Q

13) A reduction in blood vessel elasticity results in:
A. increases in blood pressure
B. decreases in blood pressure

A

A. increases in blood pressure

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14
Q 
14) What are functions of the blood?
A.	transport of gases, nutrients
B.	regulator of acid/base balance
C.	protection through clotting immune cells
D.	A & B 
E.	A & B & C
A

E. A & B & C

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15
Q 
15) Which cell type is the largest (size) and most abundant in the blood?
A.	erythrocytes
B.	leukocytes
C.	platelets
D.	macrophages
E.	neutrophils
A

A. erythrocytes

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16
Q 
) Which cell type is involved in initiating blood clotting?
A.	erythrocytes
B.	leukocytes
C.	platelets
D.	macrophages
E.	neutrophils
A

C. platelets

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17
Q 
17) Blood cells:
A.	are produced by hemopoiesis
B.	are produced in the marrow of bones
C.	are produced in the hippocampus
D.	A & B 
E.	A & B & C
A

D. A & B

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18
Q

18) Which of the following statements concerning the Lub-dub is true:
A. the lub corresponds to the atrioventricular valves opening
B. the dub corresponds to the pulmonary and aortic valves opening
C. the lub corresponds to the atrioventricular valves closing
D. the dub corresponds to the atrioventricular valves opening

A

C. the lub corresponds to the atrioventricular valves closing

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19
Q

19) The preload refers to the:
A. the amount of blood entering the heart
B. the amount of blood returning to the heart
C. the resistance to blood flow
D. the valvular rejection processes that may occur upon valve replacement

A

B. the amount of blood returning to the heart

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20
Q 
20) Systole occurs when:
A.	cardiac contraction occurs
B.	the heart is ejecting blood
C.	higher pressure is present
D.	A & B
E.	A & B & C
A

E. A & B & C

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21
Q

21) In the left ventricle, a value of 120/5 is obtained:
A. which is basically the pressure that the venous system is providing
B. since there is no need to generate high pressure to refill the heart
C. because there is a significant amount of resistance to flow in the periphery
D. all of the above are true statements

A

C. because there is a significant amount of resistance to flow in the periphery

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22
Q

22) In the fast response action potential, the plateau phase is characterized by:
A. opening of fast sodium channels
B. opening of rapidly-activating potassium channels
C. influx of calcium balances the efflux of potassium
D. diastole

A

C. influx of calcium balances the efflux of potassium

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23
Q

blank

A

blank

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24
Q 
24) The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ are exchange vessels?
A.	aorta
B.	arteries
C.	arterioles
D.	capillaries
E.	veins
A

D. capillaries

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25
Q 
25) The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ layer  of the blood vessel consists of collagen and connective tissue.
A.	intima
B.	media 
C.	adventitia
D.	lumen
A

C. adventitia

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26
Q

26) Which vessel type does not have a smooth muscle layer?
A. capillaries
B. arterioles
C. veins

A

A. capillaries

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27
Q 
27) What is the function of nitric oxide in blood vessels?
A.	regulating systemic blood pressure
B.	maintaining basal vascular tone
C.	contracting smooth muscle
D.	A & B 
E.	A & B & C
A

D. A & B

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28
Q 
28) With regards to the mean arterial pressure, at rest:
A.	2/3 of the time is spent in systole
B.	2/3 of the time is spent in diastole
C.	1/3 of the time is spent in diastole
D.	all of the above
A

B. 2/3 of the time is spent in diastole

29
Q

29) Which of the following is an endothelial cell function?
A. maintaining vascular tone and structure
B. regulating vascular permeability
C. regulating vascular cell growth
D. A & B
E. A & B & C

A

E. A & B & C

30
Q 
30) Which of the following induces edema?
A.	decreased blood pressure
B.	decreased tissue protein
C.	increased plasma protein
D.	decreased capillary permeability
E.	obstruction of lymphatic vessels
A

E. obstruction of lymphatic vessels

31
Q

31) Which of the following events results in activation of the renin-angiotensin pathway?
A. increased blood pressure
B. decreased renal blood flow
C. decreased sympathetic stiumation
D. all of the above activate the renin-angiotensin pathway

A

B. decreased renal blood flow

32
Q 
32) The solubility of a gas depends on:
A.	partial pressure of that gas
B.	temperature
C.	solubility in a particular solvent
D.	A & B
E.	A & B & C
A

E. A & B & C

33
Q

33) Place the following structures of the respiratory tree in the order in which air passes through them.
1. secondary bronchi
2. bronchioles
3. primary bronchi
4. alveoli
5. terminal bronchioles
A. 4,1,2,3,5
B. 1,3,5,2,4
C. 3,1,5,2,4
D. 3,1,2,5,4
E. 1,3,2,5,4

A

D. 3,1,2,5,4

34
Q 
34) Skeletal muscles involved in breathing include:
A.	the diaphragm
B.	the two sets of intercostals muscles
C.	the scalenes
D.	A & B & C
A

D. A & B & C

35
Q 
35) Type II alveolar cells:
A.	allow rapid diffusion of gases through their thin membranes
B.	secrete surfactant
C.	phagocytose microbial agents
D.	all of these
A

B. secrete surfactant

36
Q 
36) Expiratory movements are produced by the contraction of the:
A.	scalenes
B.	diaphragm
C.	internal intercostals
D.	external intercostals
E.	serratus anterior
A

C. internal intercostals

37
Q 
37) When the diaphragm and external intercostals muscles contract:
A.	the volume of the thorax increases
B.	the volume of the thorax decreases
C.	the volume of the lungs decreases
D.	the lungs collapse
E.	expiration occurs
A

A. the volume of the thorax increases

38
Q

38) Air moves into the lungs because:
A. the gas pressure in the lungs is less than the outside pressure
B. the volume of the lungs decreases with inspiration
C. the thorax is muscular
D. contraction of the diaphragm decreases the volume of the pleural cavity
E. all of the above

A

A. the gas pressure in the lungs is less than the outside pressure

39
Q

39) The amount of work required for breathing is affected by:
A. stretch ability and elasticity of the lungs
B. resistance in airways
C. lung compliance
D. A & B
E. A & B & C

A

E. A & B & C

40
Q 
Match the name of the lung volume or capacity with its description.
A.	tidal volume
B.	inspiratory reserve volume
C.	expiratory reserve volume
D.	residual volume
E.	vital capacity
F.	normal, quiet breathing
G.	total lung capacity

40) the additional air inhaled after a normal inspiration

A

B

41
Q 
Match the name of the lung volume or capacity with its description.
A.	tidal volume
B.	inspiratory reserve volume
C.	expiratory reserve volume
D.	residual volume
E.	vital capacity
F.	normal, quiet breathing
G.	total lung capacity

41) the minimum amount of air always present in the respiratory system, after blowing out all you can

A

D

42
Q 
Match the name of the lung volume or capacity with its description.
A.	tidal volume
B.	inspiratory reserve volume
C.	expiratory reserve volume
D.	residual volume
E.	vital capacity
F.	normal, quiet breathing
G.	total lung capacity

42) the sum of the tidal volume, plus the inspiratory and expiratory reserve volumes

A

E

43
Q 
Match the name of the lung volume or capacity with its description.
A.	tidal volume
B.	inspiratory reserve volume
C.	expiratory reserve volume
D.	residual volume
E.	vital capacity
F.	normal, quiet breathing
G.	total lung capacity

43) the extra amount forcibly exhaled after a normal exhalation

A

C

44
Q 
Match the name of the lung volume or capacity with its description.
A.	tidal volume
B.	inspiratory reserve volume
C.	expiratory reserve volume
D.	residual volume
E.	vital capacity
F.	normal, quiet breathing
G.	total lung capacity

44) the sum of the tidal volume, the residual volume, and the inspiratory and expiratory reserve volumes

A

G

45
Q

45) During inspiration:
A. the diaphragm flattens
B. the rib cage broadens in all directions
C. the scalenes and sternocleidomastoid muscles do not play a role until breathing deepens
D. A & B
E. A & B & C

A

D. A & B

46
Q

46) During passive expiration:
A. elastic recoil of previously stretched muscles helps to return the thorax to its resting volume
B. the internal intercostal muscles are required
C. the abdominal muscles become involved
D. A & B
E. A & B & C

A

A. elastic recoil of previously stretched muscles helps to return the thorax to its resting volume

47
Q 
47) When the diaphragm and external intercostals contract:
A.	expiration occurs
B.	intrapulmonary pressure increases
C.	intrapleural pressure decreases
D.	the volume of the lungs decreases
E.	all of the above
A

C. intrapleural pressure decreases

48
Q

48) In quiet breathing:
A. inspiration and expiration involve muscular contractions
B. inspiration is passive and expiration requires muscular contractions
C. inspiration involves muscular contractions and expiration is passive
D. inspiration and expiration are both passive processes
E. none of the above

A

C. inspiration involves muscular contractions and expiration is passive

49
Q 
49) If a Cleveland Chiropractic student inhales as deeply as possible and blows the air out until he/she cannot exhale any more, the amount of air that would be expelled would be his/her:
A.	tidal volume
B.	inspiratory reserve volume
C.	expiratory reserve volume
D.	minimal volume
E.	vital capacity
A

E. vital capacity

50
Q 
50) The respiratory rate times the tidal volume corrected for dead space is the:
A.	vital capacity
B.	respiratory minute volume
C.	pulmonary ventilation rate
D.	alveolar ventilation rate
E.	external respiration rate
A

D. alveolar ventilation rate

51
Q
  1. Which of the following will be greater?
    A. pulmonary ventilation when blood pressure rises
    B. pulmonary ventilation when blood pressure falls
A

B. pulmonary ventilation when blood pressure falls

52
Q
  1. Increasing the alveolar ventilation rate will:
    A. increase the partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli
    B. decrease the rate of oxygen diffusion from the alveoli into the blood
    C. increase the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli
    D. decrease the rate of carbon dioxide diffusion from the blood to the alveoli
    E. have no effect on either the partial pressure or diffusion rate of gases
A

A. increase the partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli

53
Q 
53.  The volume of air that always remains in the respiratory tract, even after forced respiration is the:
A.	inspiratory reserve volume
B.	residual volume
C.	functional residual capacity
D.	forced expiratory reserve volume
E.	expiratory reserve volume
A

B. residual volume

54
Q 
54.  The extra volume (beyond tidal volume) of air moved during forced expiration is the:
A.	tidal volume
B.	inspiratory reserve volume
C.	expiratory reserve volume
D.	residual volume
E.	inspiratory capacity
A

B. inspiratory reserve volume

55
Q
  1. The total lung capacity is the:
    A. vital capacity + residual volume
    B. tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve volume + residual volume
    C. inspiratory reserve volume + tidal volume + expiratory reserve volume
    D. A & B
    E. A & B & C
A

D. A & B

56
Q 
56.  A decrease in pCO2 will result in which event?
A.	respiratory acidosis
B.	respiratory alkalosis
C.	metabolic acidosis
D.	metabolic alkalosis
A

B. respiratory alkalosis

57
Q 
57.  Hypoventilation causes:
A.	respiratory acidosis
B.	respiratory alkalosis
C.	metabolic acidosis
D.	metabolic alkalosis
A

A. respiratory acidosis

58
Q 
58.  In respiratory alkalosis:
A.	the kidneys excrete more bicarbonate
B.	the kidneys retain more bicarbonate
C.	the kidneys retain more H+
D.	A & B
E.	A & B & C
A

B. the kidneys retain more bicarbonate

59
Q 
59.  A decrease in HCO3- will result in which event?
A.	respiratory acidosis
B.	respiratory alkalosis
C.	metabolic acidosis
D.	metabolic alkalosis
A

C. metabolic acidosis

60
Q 
60.  How does the brain control breathing during automatic respiration?
A.	pontine respiratory group
B.	dorsal respiratory group
C.	ventral respiratory group
D.	A & B
E.	A & B & C
A

E. A & B & C

61
Q
  1. In the postganglionic system, if norepinephrine is used as a neurotransmitter, which events will occur?
    A. bronchoconstriction and vasodilation
    B. bronchoconstriction and vasoconstriction
    C. bronchodilation and vasodilation
    D. bronchodilation and vasoconstriction
A

D. bronchodilation and vasoconstriction

62
Q 
62.  In the lower airways, the C-fiber receptors:
A.	result in bronchodilation
B.	result in bronchoconstriction
C.	results in rapid, shallow breathing
D.	A & B
E.	B & C
A

E. B & C

63
Q 
63.  During forced sxpiration, the expiration process:
A.	becomes passive
B.	becomes active
C.	requires the abdominal muscles
D.	A & B
E.	B & C
A

E. B & C

64
Q 
64.  Which factor(s) affect the oxygen dissociation curve?
A.	decreasing temperature
B.	increasing temperature
C.	decreasing pH
D.	decreasing pCO2
A

B. increasing temperature

65
Q
  1. The thoracic cavity is separated from the abdominal cavity by a muscle(s) known as the _________, and is bounded on the sides by the chest wall.

A. external intercostals
B. internal intercostals
C. diaphragm
D. trachea

A

C. diaphragm

66
Q
  1. Bonus Question 1. The _______ is a cartilaginous member that prevents good from entering the trachea during swallowing.

A. nasal cavity
B. diaphragm
C. epiglottis
D. trachea

A

C. epiglottis

67
Q
  1. Bonus Question 2. The _______ is composed of ringed cartilage covered by ciliated mucous cells.

A. nasal cavity
B. diaphragm
C. epiglottis
D. trachea

A

D. trachea

68
Q
  1. Bonus Question 3. The ________ system collects excess interstitial fluid and returns it to the blood.

A. cardiovascular
B. respiratory
C. lymphatic
D. digestive

A

C. lymphatic

Term 3 FINALS (4 decks)

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