x

Question 1

Alkenes can be prepared by

Answer 1

elimination of alcohols forms alkenes reagent: concentrated Al2O3

Base induced elimination of HALOALKANESs (monohaloalkanes undergo elimination reaction to form alkene). Reagent: alcoholic KOH/NaOH

Alkanes oxidised to form alkenes reagent: Al2O3

Question 2

Haloalkanes can be prepared by

Answer 2

Alkanes can undergo substitution/addition to form haloalkanes (Br or Cl)

Alkenes can undergo substitution to form dihaloalkanes (Br or Cl)

Alkenes can undergo substitution to form haloalkanes using reagent: HCl.

Other reactions of haloalkanes
Haloalkanes react with alcoholic alkoxides to form ethers

Haloalkanes react with aqueous alkali (NaOH/KOH) to form alcohol (under reflux)

Haloalkanes react with alcoholic cyanide to form nitriles (KCN)

Question 3

Alcohols can be prepared by

Answer 3

Alkenes undergo an acid-catalysed hydration reaction with water using an acid catalyst to form alcohols reagent: water

Haloalkanes by nucleophilic substitution reagent: alkali OH (KOH)

Ketones reduce to form secondary alcohols reagent: LiAlH4

Aldehydes reduce to form primary alcohols reagent: LiAlH4

hydrolysis of an ester c=0,0

Question 4

Carboxylic acids can be prepared by

Answer 4

Oxidising primary alcohols using reagent: acidified permanganate

Oxidising aldehydes using reagent: dilute h2so4

Nitriles hydrolysis form carboxylic acids using “H+
and H2O”

Amides hydrolyse using naoh/koh

ester hydrolysis using koh

Question 5

Anything forming ester c=o o, is condensation using sulfuric acid

Answer 5

.

Question 6

Ethers can be prepared by

Answer 6

Nucleophilic substitution by reacting a monohaloalkane with reagent: alkoxide (ch3o)

Question 7

nitriles

Answer 7

Can be prepared from a haloalkane reagent: alcoholic CN by reflux

Question 8

amines

Answer 8

Can be prepared from nitriles using reagent liAlh4

Question 9

Ketones

Answer 9

Oxidised from alcohol using mno4-

Question 10

Aldehydes

Answer 10

Oxidised from alcohol using mno4-

Question 11

Benzene can be prepared using catalyst aluminium chloride

Answer 11

.

Question 12

Reagent to produce ethoxide is Sodium metal

Answer 12

.

Question 13

Benzene

Answer 13

Nitration and sulfonation of benzene uses concentrated sulfuric acid

Question 14

esters can be produced by

Answer 14

condensation of an alcohol, or carboxylic acid using h2so4

Question 15

amides can be produced by

Answer 15

condensation of carboxylic acid and amines

Question 16

amides can hydrolyse to produce

Answer 16

carboxylic acids and amines using koh