Amines/ethers Flashcards
What are amines?
Amines are nitrogen containing organic compounds derived from ammonia where one or more of the hydrogen atoms have been replaced by another group
What shape is an anime?
Pyramidal
Classifying amines
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Primary amines have one r group attached to the nitrogen group
Secondary have two
Tertiary have 3
- draw these out )
Naming amines
Prefix the word ‘amine’ with the names of the alkyl group
Practice naming amines from notes and questions
Properties of amines
Amines are based and have unpleasant odours, those with low boiling points smell like ammonia whereas those that are liquid at room temperature have fishy aromas
Amines form hydrogen bonds between molecules, in tertiary amines. They are no hydrogens attached directly to the nitrogen so hydrogen bonding between the molecules is impossible
Primary amines can form hydrogen bonds most easily so will have the highest MP/BP, tertiary will have the lowest
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Q- amines are soluble in water because they can form hydrogen bonds. Which amines will be soluble in water?
All of them
Note: like ethers tertiary amines cannot form hydrogen bonds. Between amine molecules because they do not have a direct N-H bond. But they can form them with water. This is because nitrogen has a line pair which attracts the delta + H in water
Draw an example ether molecule
R to O to R
Ch3,O,CH3
Ethers are identifiable by the oxygen atom which is single bonded to an alkyl (carbon) group on either side
.
The longest carbon chain gives the parent name, practice naming ethers now
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Properties of ethers
- can’t form hydrogen bonds so have lower boiling points than alcohols
However they can form hydrogen bonds with water
Shorter ethers are soluble in water. Though longer ones have bigger non-polar alkyl groups so are less soluble
- useful solvents because volatile
- very flammable
Tertiary have the lowest bp whereas primary can form hydrogen bonds so has the highest
