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Aviation > Wx - Clouds > Flashcards

Wx - Clouds Flashcards

1
Q

Sky coverage

A

SKC “sky clear” no cloud present

FEW “few” less than 1/8 to 2/8 (less than 1/4)

SCT “scattered” 3/8 to 4/8 (1/4 to less than 1/2)

BKN “broken” 5/8 to less than 8/8 (I.e., more than half)

OVC “overcast” 8/8

CLR “clear” clear below 25 000 ft as interpreted by an AWOS

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2
Q

1/8 of the sky is called an:

A

Oktas

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3
Q

For clouds to form, the air must become

A

Saturated

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4
Q

What is a cloud

A

A visible aggregate of tiny water droplets and or ice crystals that are suspended in the atmosphere.

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5
Q

List three ways that clouds and fog can form

A

By lowering the air temperature to the dewpoint temperature (most common is by rising air or the lifting process)

By adding water vapour into the air

By mixing warm moist air with cold air

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6
Q

A ceiling exist whenever the sky is either

A

Broken (BRK) or overcast (OVC)

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7
Q

VV

A

Vertical Visability on a METAR or TAF

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8
Q

VV001 means

A

Ceiling obscured at 100 ft

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9
Q

How are ceilings depicted on the GFA?

A

With a scalloped border

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10
Q

How are clouds classified into the four families?

A

Based on their height and vertical development. That is, Strati form or cumulative form.

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11
Q

Stratiform clouds develop

A

Horizontally

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12
Q

Cumuliform clouds develop

A

Vertically

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13
Q

List the four cloud classifications

A

High clouds

Middle clouds

Low clouds

Clouds with vertical development

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14
Q

Nimbus indicates

A

Precipitation

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15
Q

SKC

A

Sky Clear

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16
Q

FEW

A

<1 - 2 Octas

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17
Q

SCT

A

Scattered

3-4 Oktas

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18
Q

BKN

A

Broken

5-8 oktas

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19
Q

V V

what does VV008 mean?

A

Sky obscured
So VV is vertical visibility

VV008 Means an 800 foot vertical Visibility end it is considered an obscured ceiling

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20
Q

CLR

A

Clear

no clouds below 10,000 as reported from AWOS

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21
Q

Ceiling

A

Ceiling is defined as a level of the first cloudbase that has a coverage amount of 5-8 Oktas.
Either Broken or Overcast

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22
Q

SLP

A

sea level pressure
Mesures in Hectopascals (hPa)
Put a 9 or 10 in front. Whichever is closest to 1000 is correct

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23
Q

AWOS

A

Automated Weather Observation Station

24
Q

LWIS

A

Limited Weather Information System

25
Q

PIREP

A 
Location and time
Altitude
Aircraft tape
Cloud base amount and top
Turbulence
Temperature
Wind direction and speed
Icing
Remarks
26
Q

U/A and UUA

A

U/A - PIREP

UUA - Urgent PIREP

27
Q

PIREP OV

A

Over listed with an identifier

28
Q

PIREP TM

A

Time

29
Q

PIREP FL

A

Flight Level

30
Q

PIREP TA

A

Temperature

31
Q

PIREP IC

A

Ice

32
Q

PIREP SK

A

Sky Conditions

33
Q

RVR

A

Runway visibility

34
Q

PIREP Cloud layer heights are reported in

A

Feet ASL

35
Q

NOTAM N, R, C

A

N - New
R - Replace
C - Cancel

36
Q

NOTAM Q Line

A

Codes and geographic region : Coordinates and radius of area

37
Q

NOTAM traffic codes

A

I - IFR
V - VFR
IV - both

38
Q

Marginal VFR is determined by ____ to ____ feet AGL and __ to __ SM visibility

A

1000 - 3000

3-5 SM

39
Q

What causes wind?

A

Horizontal pressure differences.

40
Q

Isobars

A

Join points of equal MSL pressure at 4 millibar intervals

41
Q

If there is lots of space between isobars, there will be a _____ pressure gradient and relatively ____ winds

A

Shallow, light

42
Q

Standard sea level pressure is

A

1013 mb

43
Q

If you stand with your back to the wind (in the Northern hemisphere), the high pressure and low pressure are always on your

A

Low pressure - left

High pressure - right

44
Q

Veering

A

Wind direction changing clockwise

45
Q

Backing

A

Wind direction changing counter clockwise

46
Q

Gust

A

A brief change in wind dorection

47
Q

Squall

A

A prolonged change of wind direction and/or speed (more then 1 minute)

48
Q

At night, surface winds tend to

A

back and decrease

49
Q

Sea breeze

A

An onshore breeze from the sea

50
Q

Katabatic winds

A

Winds down a mountain from either snow cover or night time radiation cooling

51
Q

Anabatc winds

A

Blow up a slope

52
Q

Jet stream must be a minimum of ___ kts

A

60

53
Q

Describe Cirrus clouds

A
  • Wispy, hair-like
  • High level clouds (16,000’ - 50,000’)
  • Made of tiny ice crystals in upper part of troposphere
  • Can accompany a strong jet stream,
  • can also precede a warm front by several days.
54
Q

Describe Cumulus clouds

A
  • Latin for heap or pile
  • Can look detached from other clouds nearby
  • Low level, few hundred feet to few thousand AGL
55
Q

Describe Stratus Clouds

A
  • Latin for “layer or sheet”
  • often appear as a sheet or layer of little definition/features
  • hazy white or Grey mass
  • usually low, but can be mid to upper also
    • Low: stratus
    • Mid: alto stratus
    • High: cirrostratus
56
Q

Describe “nimbo” clouds

A
  • nimbo is Latin for rain
  • two common types:
    • Nimbostrtus
    • Cumulonimbus
57
Q

Describe cirrocumulus and altocumulus

A

Cirrocumulus are high level (16,000’ to 45,000’) and Altocumulus are mid-level (12,000’ to 18,000’)

Aviation (22 decks)

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