NAVIGATION Flashcards
How are angles measured?
Degrees, minutes and seconds,
OR
Degrees, minutes, and tenths of a minute
Which coordinate is given first?
The north south coordinate is always provided first
Define longitude
What is the angle at the centre of a planet between two planes. One of them is the prime meridian.
Latitude
The angle between the plane of the equator and the line connecting the point in question to the planets rotational axis
Meridians of longitude
I’m radian is half of a great circle which joins the polls and as such is a line of constant longitude
Parallels of latitude
Parallels of latitude are circles with run parallel to the equator. Parallels of latitude, with the exception of the equator, are all small circles
A great circle
A Circle who centre and diameter is the same as that of the earth.
A great circle between two points on the surface of the earth will be the shortest distance between those two points
Small circle
Small circle is a circle on the surface of the earth centre in diameter is not the same as that of the earth
A rhumb line
A Rhumb line is a line of constant direction. Across all meridians at the same angle.
Parallels of latitude our Rhumb lines
Variation
The difference between true and magnetic north at a given point on the earth surface
Deviation
The difference between the compass indications when it’s installed in the aircraft compared to the indications when I compass is outside of the aircraft.
The difference is caused by the influence of The Magnetic Fields due to the electronic equipment and the metal of the aircraft
What is one nautical mile equivalent to?
One minute of latitude
6000 feet
1.15 statute miles
One US gallon of fuel is how many litres and how many pounds?
3.77 L, and 6 pounds
How much does a gallon and a litre of oil weigh
7 1/2 pounds, and 1 L weighs approximately 1.95 pounds
How many kilopascals is 1 pound per square inch?
6.9 kPa
How many nautical miles am I travelling per minute if I am flying at 60, 90, or 120 kn?
1 at 60, 1.5 at 90 kts, 2 at 120 kts
Chart symbols
Know them all!
The Agonic Line
This is the line on a map which has zero variation between magnetic north and true north.
Currently, in Canada, the agonic line is east of Kenora Ontario and west of Red Lake Ontario
Isogonic Lines
These are map lines of equal magnetic variation.
Explain what happens to variation values that are east of the agonic line
These variation values are called Westerly variation. The magnetic north is west of true north.
Describe variation values west of the agonic line
These variations are called easterly variation meaning of magnetic north is east of true North
What should you remember when converting from true to magnetic north?
East is least
West is best
So when the map indicates an easterly variation, then subtract it from the true course to get the magnetic course.
If the map indicates a Westerly variation, then add it to the true course to obtain the magnetic course
Define compass swinging
Performed annually by an aircraft mechanic they park the plane on a compass rose and rotated 30° continuously monitoring the difference between what the compass is showing and true north.
Northerly turning error -
What happens when turning towards or from the north?
The compass will initially rotate in the opposite direction of the turn and then will lag the turn by at most 30°
