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Psych 101 > WWU Psychology 101 Mana: Chapter One (Psych in a Nutshell) > Flashcards

WWU Psychology 101 Mana: Chapter One (Psych in a Nutshell) Flashcards

1
Q

Absolutism

A

Same across all cultures

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2
Q

Relativism

A

Varies across cultures

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3
Q

Cognitive Psychology

A

Study of mental processes such as attention, language use, memory, perception, problem solving, and thinking, emotion, value

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4
Q

Behavioral Neuroscience

A

Uses physiological, pharmacological, surgical, genetic, and developmental tools to study neuro bases of behavior in human and non-human animals

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5
Q

Developmental Psychology

A

A branch of Psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span

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6
Q

Social Psychology

A

A branch of psychology that focuses on the causes and consequences of interpersonal behavior, how peoples thoughts, feeling, and behaviors are influenced by actual, imagines, or implied presence of others

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7
Q

Clinical Psychology

A

Deals with individuals psychological conflicts, crises, and life difficulties

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8
Q

Personality Psychology

A

Studies of structure, development, and overall adjustment and good health

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9
Q

Behaviorism

A

Scientific Study of objectively observable behavior

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10
Q

Response

A

Action or Physiological change elicited by a stimulus

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11
Q

Reinforcement

A

Consequences of Behavior determine whether it will be more or less likely to occur again

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12
Q

Gestalt Psychology

A

An approach emphasizing the whole rather then the sum of the parts

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13
Q

Evolutionary Psychology

A

Explains mind/behavior in terms of adaptive value of abilities preserved over time by natural selection

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14
Q

Cultural Psychology

A

Study of how culture reflect/shape the psychological processes of members

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15
Q

Ivan Pavlov

A

Dog salivation experiment
Meat powder stimuli with salivation response, bell association with stimuli
Won the Nobel prize for work done on digestion

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16
Q

JB Watson

A

Proposed to focus on behavior because it can be measured objectively

Introspection is too subjective, little Albert experiment

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17
Q

BF Skinner

A

Animals act on environments to survive, wanted to find a principle explaining how they learned to act in situations

Questioned free will, reinforcement makes animals act a certain way

___________ Box tested rats/animals and desire to earn food reinforcements (operate conditioning)

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18
Q

Edward Tolman

A

Father of Cognitive Psychology (Tentative map indicating routes, pathways and environmental relationships in the rats brain, determines animals response)
Expose animal to environment and they will learn

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19
Q

DO Hebb

A

If you fire the other cell the connection becomes stronger and is easier for it to keep firing (electrical signals)

________’s Postulate

20
Q

Max Wertheimer

A

Focused on illusions(errors in perception, memory, of judgement which subjective experience differs from objective reality

21
Q

Karl Lashley

A

Tested Rates in a maze by removing parts of their brain and finding learning centers: inspired the behavioral neuroscience(nervous system connects with Physiological processes)

22
Q

Norman Triplett

A

Conducted Experiments on how presence of others influences performance (1895)

23
Q

Broadbent/Miller

A

Limited capacity of mind was explored

24
Q

Mana’s Definition of Psychology

A

Scientific Investigation of Mind, Brain, and Behavior

25
Q

Mind

A

Private/Unobservable inner states inferred from changes in brain or behavior

26
Q

Brain

A

Organ or Mind/Behavior that processes sensory information and interactions integrated with internal states

27
Q

Behavior

A

Measurable and observable actions, allows mind to interact with the external world

28
Q

Nature(Plato)

A

Believed in nativism or that we are born with truth, it is important to trust our senses

29
Q

Nurture(Aristotle)

A

Believed in associative learning, experiences and senses, truth comes with experience

30
Q

Rene Descartes

A

Championed the idea of free will

Proposed that mind and brain are separate: Dualist

31
Q

Wilhelm Wundt

A

Father of scientific, social, structuralism, cultural psychology

Founded first lab in 1877

Searched for simplest units of behavior to understand mind structure

Championed use of introspection to study psych constructs like learning and attention

32
Q

Charles Darwin

A

Theory of Evolution

The strongest traits are passed down through generations of natural selection for reproductive success

33
Q

William James

A

Believed mind could not be studied in parts but only as a whole

Focused on the real world

Functionalism: way a behavior helped an animal function in its environment is its most important feature

34
Q

Sigmund Freud

A

Psychoanalytic Theory

Emphasizes importance of unconscious mental processes in shaping feelings, emotions, and behaviors

35
Q

Hermann von Hemholtz

A

Stimulus/reaction time (Brain nerve impulse)

36
Q

Stanley Hall

A

Believed children grow in lifetime just like ancestors

37
Q

Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers

A

Founders of Humanistic/Postive Psychology

38
Q

Functionalists

A

Mental abilities/environmental adaption

39
Q

Structuralists

A

analyze mind by component breakdown

40
Q

Dualism

A

Mind can operate separately from the body

41
Q

Hysteria

A

A temporary loss of cognitive and motor functions after emotionally upsetting experiences

42
Q

Introspection

A

Subjective observation of ones experiences

43
Q

Nativism

A

Plato: Philosophical view that knowledge is inborn/Innate

44
Q

Humanistic Psychology

A

Understanding human nature emphasizing positive potential of human beings

45
Q

Unconscious

A

Operates outside conscious awareness but influences conscious thoughts, actions, and feelings

46
Q

Noam Chompsky

A

Took down behaviorism, has to be observable, cognitive psychology

47
Q

Kurt Lewin

A

Persons behavior best predicted by understanding their subjective experience of the world (internal forces vs external forces)

Psych 101 (6 decks)

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