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Psych 101 > WWU Psych 101 Mana: Chapter 3 (Neural Communication) > Flashcards

WWU Psych 101 Mana: Chapter 3 (Neural Communication) Flashcards

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1
Q

Nervous System

A

Interacting network of neurons that convey electrochemical information throughout the body

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2
Q

Gross Anatomy

A

“big” anatomy

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3
Q

Neo Cortex

A

New Cortex (Mammals)

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4
Q

Archicortex

A

Old Cortex (Birds, frogs, etc.)

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5
Q

Peripheral Nervous system

A

Connect CNS to organs/muscles The sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body

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6
Q

Central Nervous System

A

A subdivision of the human nervous system that consists of the brain and spinal cord Transmits and receives sensory messages to and from the PNS

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7
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A

Controls self-regulated action of internal Organs and glands

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8
Q

Parasympathetic Nervous System

A

Calming Body functions

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9
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System

A

Arousing body functions

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10
Q

Somatic Nervous System

A

Controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscle

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11
Q

Spinal Cord

A

Contains ascending sensory neurons and descending motor neuron pathways, as well as inter neurons that represent the circuitry of the spinal cord, they produce reflexive behaviors

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12
Q

Brain Stem

A

Contains sensory/motor pathways to/from spinal cord

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13
Q

Spinal reflexes

A

simple apthways in nervous system that rapidly generate muscle contractions

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14
Q

Hindbrain

A

Area of the brain the coordinates info in and out of the spinal cord (connects brain to the spinal cord)

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15
Q

Midbrain

A

Responsible for the auditory/visual orientation, reward, pain control, movement and arousal

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16
Q

Forebrain

A

Top of the brain which includes the thalamus, Hypothalamus, basal ganglia, limbic system, and cerebral cortex, responsible for emotional regulation, complex thought, and memory aspect of personality

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17
Q

Gyri

A

Elevated portions of the cerebral cortex

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18
Q

Sulci

A

Shallow grooves that serpate gyri

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19
Q

Contralateral Control

A

Each hemisphere controls opposite side of the body

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20
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

Connects large areas of the brain, supports communication of info across hemispheres, connected by commissures)

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21
Q

Brain Plasticity

A

Adapt to chanes in sensory inputs (Becomes responsive to stimulation adjacent to missing limbs)

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22
Q

Lateral Ventricles

A

Space in each hemisphere filled with fluid (cerebral-spinal fluid - hydrolic cushion protects the brain through ventricles)

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23
Q

Synesthesia

A

Synthesis of senses, a sense production based on stimulation of another sense

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24
Q

John Hughlings-Jackson

A

Father of Medical Neurology, wife was epileptic, developed the homunculus

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25
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

Visual Information

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26
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

Touch information (Including pain and temperature)

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27
Q

Postcentral Gyrus (Somatosensory Cortex)

A

A brain area at the front of the parietal lobe that registers and processes body sensations

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28
Q

Primary Motor Cortex

A

An area of the brain, near the rear of the frontal lobes, that controls voluntary movement

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29
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

Hearing/Language, Associated with emotion, language, and memory formation

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30
Q

Central Sulcus

A

Separates frontal lobe from parietal lobe

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31
Q

Subcortical Structures

A

Areas of the forebrain housed under the cerebral cortex near the very center of the brain

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32
Q

Lateral Sulcus

A

Separates temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobes

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33
Q

Thalamus

A

A structure in the forebrain through which all sensory information (except small) must pass to get to the cerebral cortex. Its acts as a relay station of the brain. Attention/sleep

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34
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Controls autonomic nervous system and secretion of hormones, stress response (body temp, hunger, thirst, sexual behavior)

35
Q

Cerebellum

A

Integrates sensory input and motor info to coordinate fine movements, maintain posture, also has a role in learning and integrating emotion/language (not part of brain stem due to complexity

36
Q

Right Hemisphere

A

Sensations from, and movement of left side of the body, also involved with object and shape recognition, prosody (music of language)

37
Q

Left Hemisphere

A

Sensations from and movement of the right side of the body, also language and reasoning

38
Q

Precentral Gyrus

A

Primary Motor Cortex

39
Q

Post Central Gyrus

A

Primary sensory cortex

40
Q

Association areas

A

Composed of neurons that Help provide sense/meaning to information registered in the cortex, (areas of the cerebral cortex which have no specific motor or sensory responsibilities, but rather are involved in thinking, memory, and judgement.)

41
Q

Mirror Neurons

A

Same neurons activate when Animal preforms behavior and when animal observes other animals performing the same behavior (frontal/parietal lobe)

42
Q

Neurons

A

Cells in the nervous system that communicate with each other to preform

43
Q

cell body

A

largest component of neuron that coordinates the information-processing tasks and keeps the cell alive •Protein synthesis, energy production, metabolism •Contains nucleus (houses chromosomes that contain DNA) •Surrounded by porous cell membrane that allows travel of molecules through cell

44
Q

dendrites

A

receive information from other neurons and relay it to cell body

45
Q

Axon(soma)

A

carries information to other neurons, muscles, or glands

46
Q

Myelin Sheath

A

A layer of fatty tissue segmentally encasing the fibers of many neurons; enables vastly greater transmission speed of neural impulses as the impulse hops from one node to the next. •Composed of glial cells (support cells found in nervous system) •Nodes of Ranvier: sausage link looking break point clumps facilitates action potential conduction

47
Q

synapse

A

the junction between the axon of a neuron and the dendrites or cell body of another

48
Q

Sensory Neurons

A

receive information from the external world and convey this information to brain via spinal cord

49
Q

Motor Neurons

A

Carry signals from the spinal cord to the muscles to produce movement

50
Q

Interneurons

A

Connect sensory neurons, motor neurons, or other interneurons

51
Q

Neural Communication

A

Electrical chemical action of neurons

52
Q

Conduction

A

The movement of an electric signal within neurons, from the dendrites to the ell body, then throughout the axon

53
Q

Transmission

A

Movement of electrical signals from one neuron to another over the synapse

54
Q

Electric Signaling

A

Conducting new information within an neuron

55
Q

Ions

A

Electrically charged molecules that travel through the cell membrane pore channels

56
Q

Resting Potential

A

The difference between the inside and outside of a neurons cell membrane (natural electrical charge that remains neutrally charged)

57
Q

Action Potential

A

An electrical signal that is conducted along the length of a neurons axis to a synapse

58
Q

Saltatory Conduction

A

Charge jump from node to node down myelinated axon helps sped the flow of information

59
Q

Terminal Buttons

A

Knob like structures that branch out from the axon (where the axon ends)

60
Q

Presynaptic neuron

A

Sending Neuron goes from resting to action potential as molecules flow across the membrane

61
Q

Postsynaptic Neuron

A

Receptor sites on a nearby dendrite of receiving neuron that captures neurons floating across the synapse and bind to it(Initiates the action potential that continues on to the next neurons)

62
Q

Synaptic Neuron

A

Allows neurons to communicate with each other and ultimately underlines thoughts, emotions, and behavior

63
Q

3 Ways Neurotransmitters leave synapse

A

-Reuptake (reabsorbed by terminal buttons of presynaptic neurons axon -Enzyme deactivation -Bind to auto receptors on presynaptic neurons

64
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Involved in a number of functions including voluntary motor control, attention, learning, sleeping, dreaming, and memory (where axons connect to muscles and body organs)

65
Q

Dopamine

A

Regulates motor behavior, motivation, pleasure, and emotional arousal

66
Q

Glutamate

A

Major Excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain (enhances transmission between neurons)

67
Q

GABA (Gama-aminobutyric Acid)

A

Primary Inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain (stops neuron firing)

68
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Involved instates of vigilance of heightened awareness of dangers in environment (effects mood and arousal, related to serotonin)

69
Q

Seratonin

A

Involved instates of vigilance of heightened awareness of dangers in environment (effects mood and arousal, related to norepinephrine)

70
Q

Endorphins

A

Chemicals that act within pathways and emotional centers of the brain (dulls pain, elevate mood)

71
Q

Agonists

A

Drugs that increase the action of a neurotransmitter

72
Q

Antagonists

A

Ddrugs that block the function of a neurotransmitter

73
Q

Amygdala

A

A portion of the limbic system in the forebrain that is important for memory and emotion, especially fear

74
Q

Hippocampus

A

A portion of the limbic system that is important for memory and learning

75
Q

Basal Ganglia

A

A set of subcortical structure that directs intentional movements

76
Q

Limbic System

A

A doughnut-shaped system of neural structures at the border of the brainstem and cerebral hemispheres; associated with emotions such as fear and aggression and drives such as those for food and sex. Includes the hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus.

77
Q

Pituitary Gland

A

Master gland of bodys hormone producing system that directs functions of other glands in the body

78
Q

Striatum

A

Set of subcortical structures that directs intentional movements (posture/dance)

79
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

Specialized areas for movement, abstract thinking, planning, memory, judgment

80
Q

Medulla

A

Extension of spinal cord into skull that coordinates information coming in and out of spinal cord

81
Q

Pons

A

Structure that relays information from cerebellum to the rest of the brain

82
Q

Tectum

A

Orients an organism to the environment

83
Q

Tegmentum

A

Part of the midbrain responsible for movement, arousal, mood, and motivation

84
Q

Reticular Formation

A

A network of cells in the brainstem that filters sensory information and in involved in arousal and alertness

Psych 101 (6 decks)

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