WWI Flashcards
each country in Europe had a desire to better its army and navy
arms race
who generally had the most powerful navy in Europe
Great Britain
what year did WWI begin
1914
submarines used to sink supply ships
u boats
most of the time in these were waiting for the fighting to begin
trench warfare
the area between the trenches was the most dangerous place to be
no mans land
how did most Americans feel about joining the war in Europe
most people wanted to remain neutral
the Germans sunk the unarmed French Sussex with Americans on board
Wilson demanded that the Germans stop sinking merchant ships without warning or the US would sever diplomatic relations with Germany
Germany agreed
Sussex pledge
increased the number of army and national guardsmen
national defense act
who announced they would resume their u boat campaign and sink all ships in the war zone
Germany
when did the congress declare war
April 6, 1917
M
militarism
A
alliances
I
imperialism
N
nationalism
original policy when the nations of Europe went to war with one another
neutrality
causes tension
ethnic groups want independence
nationalism
controlling other areas for resources
competed for land
imperialism
each nation wants to be the best
1890 Germany was largest
militarism
triple entente formed
1907
France
Britain
Russia
triple alliance formed
aka central powers
Germany, Austria- Hungary, Italy, Ottoman Empire
Balkan Peninsula became a disputed area
Russia and Austria wanted to control the Serbians
Balkans were the gateway to the Mediterranean Sea
Germany wanted a railway to the Ottoman Empire
ignites of war
who declared war against Serbia
Austria
what forced other nations to take sides
alliance system
Germany declared war on Russia
Russia came to defend Serbia from Austria
Germany had alliance with Austria
August 1, 1914
Germany declares war on France
France would aid Russia
Germany invades Belgium, Britain declares war on Germany and Austria- Hungary
August 3, 1914
when did the war officially start
August 3, 1914
attack France first, then attack Russia
schlieffen plan
caused by frostbite and wet conditions
trench foot
July 1, 1916
1.2 million dead
conflict in Europe bogged into stalemate of horrific trench warfare
US maintains neutral then gets brought into war
Britain convinces US to fight on the other side
Bettie of Somme
may 18, 1917
required all males between the ages of 21-30 to register for the draft
about 24 million men registered, 23% of the total population
selective service act
how many women volunteered as nurses, clerical workers and telephone operators
about 11,000
created by president Wilson to spread pro-war propaganda
committee for public information
many American schools stopped offering instruction in the German language
called German a language of autocracy
many german Americans were badgered, beaten, and sometimes killed
anti Union views
punished anyone who said anything negative about the government would be punished
may 16, 1918
the sedition act
the government borrows money
bonds
cost between 25 cents and $5, the government printed booklets and when they were full they could be turned in for bonds
war saving stamps
created by president Wilson and headed by Bernard Baruch to increase industrial production and coordinate different industries
the government took over all of the factories
instructed the factories on what to produce, how much to produce, and the cost of the items
war industries board
what did women’s blouse factories now make
signal flags
what did radiator manufacturers now create
guns
what did automobile factories now make
airplane engines
what did piano companies now make
airplane wings
headed by ex president Taft
was formed to unify labor policies and served as the court for labor disputes
hoped to prevent strikes
worked to improve working conditions
national war labor board
headed by future president Herbert Hoover
never imposed specific radiations but relied upon voluntary participation
the US had to provide food for its own citizens as well as the allied countries
“food will win the war-don’t waste it”
food administration
to limit the amount of food or resources people can use
ration
when was the armistice signed
at the 11th hour of the 11th month on the 11th day
November 11, 1918 WWI ends
what Happened to Germany’s government towards the end of WWI
it collapsed. northern Germany took over
who were the big three at the Paris pea conference and why were they called that
US
France
Great Britain
they were the key powers of the war
what was great britains prime ministers goal at the peace conference
to make Germany pay for this dreadful war
about how many people died in WWI
nearly 10 million people
how did total war of WWI change people’s lives in different countries
it made the practice of strong central authority a way of life, limiting people’s freedom
how did the treaty of Versailles affect Germans military
they had to reduce their army 100,000 men
cut back their navy
completely eliminate its Air Force
what was the problem 2 million men faced when returning home from the war
they all needed jobs in an economy that was shutting down its production of war materials and sliding into recession
when prices increase and the value of money decreases
inflation
what happened to the cost of living
it increased with the rise of inflation
shipyard workers demanded higher wages and shorter hours Seattle more than 60,000 people participated resulted in the strikers returning to work without making any gains
Seattle General Strike
police force
they walked off the job, causing riots and looting erupted in the city
Boston
75% of the police force participated
resulted in the strikers being fired and a new police force was hired
Boston Police Strike
steelworkers
wanted higher pay, shorter hours, and recognition of their union
Indiana
350,000 steelworkers participated
resulted in the strike failing and set back the union cause in the steel industry
Steel Strike
why did the end of the war lead to race riots
the African Americans began to move north to take jobs and people began getting angry when they got laid off
soldiers also had a hard time finding jobs
how did labor union strikes help fuel the red scare
they were fearing that communists were conspiring to start a revolution in the US
what were the Palmer raids and what were the results
raids on union Russian workers
deported a lot of people
effects of WWI in the US on the economy
inflation and job loss
effects of WWI in the US on society
riots and fear of communism
what were the four major causes of WWI
military alliances
nationalism
rivalry over colonies
arms race
