civil war and reconstruction Flashcards
southern leader that was arrested
Jefferson Davis
pardoned all rebel leaders in 1868
president Andrew Johnson
banks, businesses, factories, and the transportation system was destroyed
agriculture/ slave society was destroyed
many white southerners remained defiant
old south
what did the song show about the southerners
they did not agree with reconstruction
why would reconstruction have been hard for the southerners
their entire culture was stripped away
they need to learn to accept the fact that they have to do what the north wants them to do
who blew up military supplies in Charlestown
rebel troops
what were the whites forced to face
the idea the emancipation was happening
thousands of Americans traveled for the first time
test of freedom
slaves that moved west
exododusters
what became the focus of many African American communities
the church
why did people want to move to the west
the availability of land that was not previously owned
provide food, clothing, medical care, and education both to freedmen and white refugees
the goal of freedmen’s bureau
what did the freedmen’s bureau achieve
it’s greatest success was in education
attempted to settle former slaves on forty-acre tracts confiscated from the confederates
failure of freedmen’s bureau
southerner who was not part of the planter aristocracy
refused to secede with Tennessee
appointed governor after Tennessee was recaptured by grants forces
Andrew Johnson
who recaptured Tennessee
grants forces
he was capable intellectually, but tactless
Tennesseean who had earned the distrust of the south
democrat who had never been elected president
Andrew Johnson
did not want to be harsh on the south
believed the southern states never legally withdrew from the union
a state could be reintegrated into the union when 10% of its population swore allegiance and pledge to abide by emancipation
republicans feared the eventual restoration of the planter aristocratic
Lincolns 10% reconstruction plan
rammed wade Davis bill through congress
radical republicans
required that 50% of a states voters take the oath of allegiance
wade Davis bill
designed to regulate the affairs of the emancipated blacks
no suffrage at all
extreme penalties for African Americans who “jumped” their labor contracts
forbade a black person to serve on a jury
black codes
how many former slaves were forced to earn a living
sharecroppers
entered the congress in December 1865
many were democrats which enraged radical republicans
ex-confederates
what were slaves now
5/5ths of a person
Vice President of the confederacy returned to congress in 1865
Alexander Stephens
vetoed a bill extending the life of the controversial freedmen’s bureau, causing republicans to pass the civil rights bill of 1866
Johnson
had seemed to be unwinding the civil war
johnsons vetoes
Johnson needs more democrats in the congress
the crucial congressional elections of 1866
in the senate
Charles sumner
in the House of Representatives
Thaddeus Stevens
respected states rights, but also preferred policies that restrained the states from restricting citizens rights
moderate republicans
divided the south into 5 military districts
reconstruction act of 1865
only way to do this was 15th amendment which gave constitutional protection for the suffrage provisions of the reconstruction act
radical republicans
no women voters, but took the opportunity to say we are talking about equality
women’s rights begins
first hesitated to grant suffrage to the freedmen of the south
moderates and many radicals
allies of freedmen
scalawags and carpetbaggers
southerners, former unionists and Whigs
scalawags
northerners who packed their possessions into a suitcase and headed south to seek personal power and profit in the new south
carpetbaggers
used terror (flogging, mutilation, murder) against African Americans
ku klux klan
passed by congress to control this terrorism
1870-1871
force acts
radicals attempted to remove Johnson from office
tenure office act
Johnson abruptly dismissed secretary of war Edwin Stanton in early 1868 without approval from senate
impeachment
resentment all around
white southerners
acted from a mixture of idealism and political expediency
take control of freedmen
republicans
seceded from the union (confederacy)
the rebels
tensions grow between northern industrial states and who
southern agricultural states
issues surrounding what of the country and the inevitable debates over whether those territories would allow slavery to rise
westward expansion
people are more Loyal to their state/ region than to the country
sectionalism
United in their support for slavery
north is threatening their way of life
south
believe slavery is morally wrong
northern abolitionists
let people know who lived there decide; rule themselves
popular sovereignty
in an effort to preserve the balance of power in congress between slave and free states
was passed in 1820 admitting Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state
Missouri compromise
proposed an American law to ban slavery in any territory acquired from Mexico in the Mexican American war
the wilmot proviso
passed in the house but failed to pass in the senate
ultimately it made southerners mad
wilmot proviso
Great compromiser
Henry clay
admit California as a free state organize New Mexico and Utah as territories with popular sovereignty pay Texas to give territory to NM end slave trade but not slavery in DC compromise passed
compromise of 1850
pass federal law enforcing the return of runaway slaves
fugitive slave act
anyone caught helping runaway slaves can be fined $1000 and jailed for 6 months
slaveholders now hunted for runaway slaves
sent agents, offered rewards, traveled north for free or enslaved African Americans couldn’t testify in court to prove they were not fugitives
fugitive slave act
wrote the novel uncle toms cabin
Harriet Beecher Stowe
sold 10,000 copies in first week
reprinted in 37 languages
sold over 1 million copies in British empire
became a hit play
turned the south against the north
said abolitionists didn’t know what they were talking about and we’re just trying to make money
uncle toms cabin
wanted to encourage settlement in Nebraska territory
1854
Stephen a Douglas
proposed dividing the region into Kansas and Nebraska
settlers in each territory would decide on the issue of ska very by popular sovereignty
Kansas Nebraska act
mad because they felt the Missouri compromise was a promise to keep the west free
northerners
what would happen if the Missouri compromise stayed in place
slaveholders won’t move there so they will end up being free states
how one piece of legislation divided a nation
the act passed
Kansas Nebraska
elected pro slavery legislature
Kansas
punished anti slavery talk with 5 years in prison
helping escaped stages slaves gave people 10 years in prison
black laws
passed their own constitution and elected their own rep. to congress in Kansas
antislavery groups
ruled that a slave who had resided in a free state and territory was not thereby entitled to his freedom
that African Americans were not and could never be citizens of the United States
the Missouri compromise was said to be unconstitutional
decision added fuel to to the sectional controversy and pushed the country closer to civil war
dred Scott decision
1857
abolitionist
wanted to avenge the murder of 5 abolitionist so he and his supporters murdered 5 proslavery settlers
over 200 people were killed
John brown
democrat
support federal slave code in territories, support popular sovereignty
John Breckinridge
republican
prohibit slavery in territories, contain slavery to where it exists
Abraham Lincoln
democrat
oppose federal slave code in territories, support popular sovereignty
Stephen Douglas
constitutional union
avoid the slavery issue and keep the country United
John bell
pitted republican nominee Abraham Lincoln against Democratic Party nominee senator Stephen Douglas, southern Democratic Party nominee John Breckinridge and constitutional union party nominee John bell
the main issue of the election was slavery and states rights
election of 1860
