wwi Flashcards
who wanted to assassinate Austro-Hungarian officials?
Bosnian-Serb nationalists
who assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand and Sophie von Chotkovato
Gavrilo Princip
How were Ferdinand and von Chotkovato assassinated?
shot and killed on the way back from Sarajevo after an unsuccessful bombing
what happened after Ferdinand and von Chotkovato were assassinated?
Austria-Hungary issued the July Ultimatum
what did the July Ultimatum address?
demands to serbia to maintian good relations: arrest those involved in the assassination, suppress anti-Austria-Hungary publications
why did Austria-Hungary declare war?
Serbia did not follow demands of the ultimatum–serbian reservists crossed into Austro-Hungarian territory of the Temes-Kubin river
why did Germany join the war?
it was in a Triple Alliance with Austria-Hungary and Italy, meaning they all had to fight together
what countries were in the Triple Entente?
UK, France, Russia
how did France enter the war?
Germany declared war on Russia and France because they were allied with Serbia
how did the Russian Revolution cause America to join the war?
Americans didn’t want to support a monarchy so once the monarch died they decided to join
what ultimately led to America joining the war?
unrestricted submarine warfare
what other factors influenced america joining the war?
the Zimmerman Note, the Russian Revolution, and the Sussex Pledge
what was the Sussex Pledge
a promise to the U.S. that Germany would not target passenger ships, not sink merchant ships without searching them, and not jeopardize the safety of people on such ships as a result of the sinking of the Sussex (preceded by the sinking of Lusitania)
what were the results of the sinking of Lusitania?
received widespread media coverage and strained Germany’s relations with the U.S. after it killed 128 American civilian passengers
Zimmerman Note
a message from Germany sent to Mexico proposing an alliance against the United States that convinced Congress to enter the Great War, deciphered by British cryptographers
what was the War Industries Board?
A federal agency designed to martial human and physical resources for the production of resources such as guns and uniforms using the assembly line, mass production, and interchangeable parts
espionage act
Criminalization of media that harmed the American military or spread misinformation. The Postmaster general was allowed to seize mail that was deemed in violation of the Espionage Act.
sedition act
amended the Espionage Act to criminalize any disloyalty to the American government or military (repealed in 1920)
how did women participate in the war?
first war that women were allowed to fight in; hired en masse to fill job positions; advocated for peace; served as military nurses
what did most african american soldiers do?
built trenches, bridges, and essential roads (and sometimes fought although they were segregated)
woodrow wilson’s plan that resulted in the league of nations
fourteen points
how did woodrow wilson play a role in the league of nations
proposed the idea of a unified body of countries for peace and freedom despite not being part of the league of nations. also participated in writing the treaty of versailles
john j pershing
commander of two million soldiers in the American Expeditionary Forces
who were the central powers?
germany, austria-hungary, bulgaria, ottoman empire
who were the devil dogs
the marines at belleau wood that pushed germans out of the forest
who were the major countries in the allied forces?
Russia, UK, US, Serbia, France, Italy,
what is unrestricted submarine warfare?
naval warfare where submarines sink merchant ships without warning
why did germany do unrestricted submarine warfare?
to starve britain of resources
what was the battle of the somme?
battle lasting from july 1 to november 18, killing about a million soldiers. was fought between the French Third Republic and British Empire against Germany. The british fourth army broke in through the center, the third army through the north, and french sixth army through the south for diversionary attacks and used tanks to attack
battle of verdun
eric von falkenhein tried to lure france into verdun (a symbolic location that would weaken morale if faced with defeat) and force troops into a battle of attrition (losing so many resources and soldiers that they can’t fight), resulting in the french forming the first fighters squadron. the french won
what was La Bois Sacre
The Sacred Way, a route that transported resources to the French during the Battle of Verdun
russian women’s battalion
led by maria bochkareva and intended to boost morale for the men but backfired. repelled 14 attacks from germany and worked harder than the men
battle at messines ridge
south of ypres, belgium. dug tunnels with explosives that exploded in 1917 and killed between 6,000 and 10,000 people, exploding over six miles and leaving many people deaf or shaky. british intended to capture messines ridge and eventually were left with no opposition
lizzie
elephant that carted munitions, machines, and scrap metal and took the job of three hourses
why were elephants used in wwi
as sources of labor to replace horses that were in war. they, along with donkeys, mules, etc. were mostly brought in from sanger’s circus
what did the elephants do
heavy loading, carrying around munitions, scrap metal, plowing fields, transporting hay, etc.
treaty of versailles
treaty that ended wwi in 1920. required financial reparations of 31.4 billion dollars, 68 thousand square kilometers of land that had 8 million inhabitants, Germany slowing down their ore and agriculture production, and demilitarization/reduction of soldiers in germany. crippled germany by making them lose land, money, and their army
what were the nine new countries
Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Lithuania, Finland, Austria, Hungary, Estonia, Latvia, Poland
what was the league of nations
originated after wwi to promote world peace founded by woodrow wilson; promoted international cooperation, peace, security, and fair distribution of resources; did not include the usa; failed after ww2; and had a lack of devotion to initiating solutions. replaced by the UN in 1945
