cells Flashcards
Cytoplasm
Jelly-like goo where cell processes take place in all organisms - inside cell membrane but outside nuclear membrane
Nucleus
Location in non-prokaryotic cells where DNA is kept. surrounded by nuclear membrane
Nuclear Envelope (Membrane)
Surrounds nucleus and controls what goes in/out of the nucleus in non-prokaryotic cells
chromatin/chromosome
Threadlike structure in all cell nuclei that contains genetic information.
Nucleolus
Contained in the nucleus—makes ribosomes in non-prokaryotic cells
ribosomes
in the cytoplasm—makes proteins in all cells
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
in the cytoplasm—specific part of the ER with ribosomes attached that makes proteins in non-prokaryotic cells
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
in the cytoplasm—makes lipids and detoxes the cell, does not have ribosomes attached (in non-prokaryotic cells
Golgi Bodies (Apparatus)
Sorts & packages proteins for storage/transport out of non-prokaryotic cells.
lysosome
in the cytoplasm—contains enzymes that breakdown other molecules. used for clean-up in non-prokaryotic cells
vacuole
in the cytoplasm—stores water, salts, proteins, carbohydrates in non-prokaryotic cells
mitochondria
in the cytoplasm—releases the chemical energy stored in food. powerhouse of eukaryotic cells!
chloroplast
in the cytoplasm—captures and stores energy from sunlight through photosynthesis in eukaryotic plants
centriole
Helps organize chromosomes during cell division in eukaryotic animals. near the nucleus
cell membrane
surrounds the cytoplasm, controls what goes in/out of the cell; provides some protection and support, made of lipids
cell wall
provides support and protection for non-eukaryotic cells of plants. surrounds the cell membrane and is made of cellulose
flagella
long, whip-like tail that allows some eukaryotic animal cells and some prokaryotic cells to move—attached to cell membrane
cilia
short, hair-like projections used for feeding and movement—attached to cell membrane in some eukaryotic animal cells
what is the cell membrane made of
lipids and proteins—it’s a lipid bilayer because it has two layers of fat
diffusion
net movement of anything from one place to another, from a high concentration area to a low concentration area (does not require energy)
osmosis
water moving from lower concentration areas to high concentration areas through a semi-permeable membrane
isotonic
equal amounts of solute in the cell and in the solution, so water moves into and out of the cell at the same time
hypertonic
a higher amount of solute in the solution than in the cell, so water moves out of the cell
hypotonic
a higher amount of solute in the cell than in the solution, so water moves into the cell
