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Abi History 2016 > WW2 > Flashcards

WW2 Flashcards

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1
Q

How did Hitler become president?

A

When Von Hindenburg died, Hitler merged Chancellor and President and called himself the Fuhrër

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2
Q

What does appeasement mean?

A

To control someone you give them what they want

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3
Q

Why was Hitler not stopped by the rest of Europe?

A

They didn’t want to start another war, so they appeased Hitler

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4
Q

When is propaganda most effective?

A

When it is repeated and shown everywhere

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5
Q

How did Hitler become Chancellor of Germany?

A

President von Hindenburg thought that he could control Hitler

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6
Q

Which country did not attend the Treaty of Versailles?

A

Russia

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7
Q

Why didn’t Russia attend the Treaty of Versailles?

A

It was undergoing the Russian Revolution

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8
Q

What was Danzig?

A

Danzig was a free city run by the League of Nations

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9
Q

Who was the Kaiser?

A

Wilhelm II

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10
Q

Who demanded the abdication of the Kaiser?

A

Ebert and a group of Socialists

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11
Q

What did Ebert do after the Kaiser abdicated?

A

He formed a provisional government

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12
Q

Where did the new government meet?

A

In Weimar instead of Berlin

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13
Q

Why didn’t the government meet in Berlin?

A

Communist uprisings were happening in Berlin

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14
Q

Why did the Weimar government fail?

A

Had to shoulder the blame for accepting the Treaty of Versailles
The Weimar government was democratic; the Germans weren’t used to democracy
Inexperience and too many political opinions
Economic problems

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15
Q

What were the economic problems during the Weimar government?

A

The German Mark was devalued because of the effects of the Treaty
German industry came to a standstill
The Wall Street Stock Market Crash

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16
Q

How did the Wall Street Crash affect Germany?

A

The USA gave extensive loans to Germany (The Dawes Plan). When the stock market crashed America pulled the loans

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17
Q

Why did other political parties become popular?

A

When democracy (the Weimar government) failed

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18
Q

Where was Adolf Hitler born?

A

Austria

20 April 1889

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19
Q

How did Hitler gain entry into Germany?

A

He was a corporal in the German army in WW1

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20
Q

Who did Hitler marry?

A

Eva Braun

28 April 1945

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21
Q

How did Hitler die?

A

30 April 1945

Committed suicide with his wife to avoid capture

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22
Q

Why did Hitler think Germany lost the war?

A

He thought they had been betrayed

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23
Q

What did Hitler do after WW1?

A

He joined the German Workers Party and attempted a putsch in 1923

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24
Q

What did Hitler do in prison?

A

He wrote Mein Kampf

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25
Q

What kind of government did Hitler want?

A

An autocratic centralised government

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26
Q

What were Hitler’s plans for the land in Germany?

A

He wanted to colonise areas to create Lebensraum for pure Germans only

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27
Q

What were Hitler’s plans for the people of Germany?

A

To create a genetically stronger race

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28
Q

What was Hitler’s idea of a genetically strong race?

A

Aryan:
Blue eyed
Blond haired
Physically strong

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29
Q

Who did Hitler want to eliminate?

A

All “impure people”

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30
Q

Who did Hitler consider “impure people”?

A 
Jews
Gypsies
Homosexuals
Disabled people
Jehovah's Witnesses
His opposition
Blacks
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31
Q

Who was Hitler’s scapegoat?

A

The Jews

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32
Q

What did Hitler accuse Jews of?

A

Cornering Germany’s wealth

Having an international outlook

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33
Q

What did Hitler promise the Germans?

A

A better economy

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34
Q

What did Hitler use to gain power?

A

Propaganda
Military force
Mass meetings

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35
Q

What kind of speaker was Hitler?

A

A fiery orator

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36
Q

What did the Sturmabteilung do?

A

To protect Nazi meetings

To break up other meetings

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37
Q

How were the Sturmabteilung dressed?

A

In a brown uniform with a swastika on the armband

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38
Q

Who were The Schutz Staffel?

A

A private army that protected the party leaders

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39
Q

What did the SS wear?

A

Black uniforms

Caps with with intimidating symbols on them

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40
Q

Who was the Minister of Propaganda?

A

Josef Goebbels

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41
Q

How did Hitler become Chancellor?

A

President vin Hindenburg was persuaded by his vice chancellor Von Papen to appoint Hitler as chancellor

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42
Q

Why did Von Papen want to appoint Hitler?

A

He thought Hitler would be useful

He thought the Nazi party could be controlled

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43
Q

What did Hitler do when he was first appointed?

A

He said elections for party members should be held

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44
Q

How did Hitler swing the elections in his favour?

A

He accused the Communist leaders of burning down the Reichstag buildings

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45
Q

How did Hitler abdicate all legislative power to himself?

A

He made a decree

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46
Q

How did the Enabling Act help the Nazis to win the election?

A

Only Nazi candidates were allowed to stand

47
Q

When did Hitler become the Führer?

A

After Von Hindenburg dived, he merged the positions of Chancellor and President

48
Q

Why were concentration camps set up?

A

As somewhere for “impure” people to live and work away from society

49
Q

Why were death camps set up?

A

Concentration camps got too full

50
Q

What were death camps?

A

They were places where people went to be robbed, gassed and burnt

51
Q

What are the features of a totalitarian state?

A

One leader
Membership of the ruling party is only for the elite
Propaganda is used to subjugate and control
Communications are censored
Individual rights are suspended
People are terrorised by the secret police
All forms of the military are controlled and used by the leader for expansion of the nation
Education is controlled by the state
Indoctrination and discipline is encouraged
Racial superiority is often encouraged

52
Q

What did the winning countries of WW1 want from Germany?

A

To pay for all the damages of the war

53
Q

What was the Ruhr valley?

A

A demilitarised zone that acted as a buffer between France and Germany

54
Q

What happened to Germany’s colonies after WWI?

A

All her colonies were given away

55
Q

When did Hitler become the leader of the German Workers Party?

A

1921

56
Q

What was the motto of the Nazi party?

A

All opposition must be stomped into the ground

57
Q

What were the rules of violence in the SA?

A

There were no rules preventing the use of violence

They often beat up people who disagreed with them

58
Q

What was the Nazi salute?

A

The right arm is held perpendicular to the body

It was called “Heil Hitler” (Hail Hitler)

59
Q

How long was Hitler in prison?

A

Only nine months

60
Q

What happened to Germany in the Great Depression?

A

Banks closed
Factories closed
Workers lost their jobs
Inflation rose

61
Q

Why did Hitler get such a short prison sentence?

A

The officials didn’t support democracy

62
Q

Why wasn’t the Weimar government strong enough to deal with Germany’s problems?

A

There were too many political parties

They had fifteen chancellors

63
Q

Who was blamed for the poor economy in Germany?

A

The Weimar government

64
Q

Why did people support the Nazi party?

A

They wanted their former glory as a world power
They wanted a better economy
Hitler had financial support
Hitler was a brilliant public speaker
The Nazi party used propaganda to gain support

65
Q

What was the Nazi dictatorship like?

A

It ignored the German constitution
It was cruel
It was violent
It was unjust

66
Q

Why were concentration camps set up?

A

The jails could not hold all of the people Hitler arrested

67
Q

Where was the first concentration camp?

A

Dachau

68
Q

What is Anti-Semitism?

A

The hatred of Jews

69
Q

Why were Jehovah’ Witnesses persecuted?

A

They refused to be loyal to Hitler

They refused to join the army

70
Q

Why were homosexuals persecuted?

A

They were considered a hindrance to the expansion of the German race

71
Q

What symbol identified Jews?

A

A yellow Star of David

72
Q

What symbol identified political opponents?

A

A red triangle

73
Q

What symbol identified Jehovah’s Witnesses?

A

A purple triangle

74
Q

What symbol identified homosexuals?

A

A pink triangle

75
Q

What symbol identified Roma?

A

A brown triangle

76
Q

What symbol identified criminals?

A

A green triangle

77
Q

What were the Nuremburg Laws?

A

They took away the basic rights of Jews

78
Q

What happened to Jews under the Nuremburg laws?

A 
Dismissed from civil service
Dismissed from jobs
Expelled from education systems
Stripped of citizenship rights
Prohibited from marrying non-Jews
Forced to sit on separate park benches
Dismissed from society
79
Q

What is a fascist state?

A

The opposite of democracy

It serves itself instead of the country

80
Q

How did the Nazis help Hitler?

A

They convinced the people that Hitler had the answers to all their problems
They used propaganda and fear to do this

81
Q

What are the features of a fascist state?

A 
No opposition allowed
No freedom of speech
"Worship" of a leader who holds all the power
Use of violence
Secret police who spy on people
Trade unions are banned
Use of propaganda
Willingness to go to war
Nationalist pride
Racism
Hatred of democracy
82
Q

How did Hitler break the Treaty of Versailles?

A 
He armed Germany
He occupied the Ruhr Valley
He united with Austria
He invaded Poland
He tried to invade Russia
83
Q

How did WWII break out?

A

Germany invaded Poland, whom Britain and France swore to protect

84
Q

Whose side was Italy on?

A

Italy joined Germany

85
Q

Why did Italy join Germany?

A

It was also a fascist state

86
Q

Who ran the SS?

A

Heinrich Himmler

87
Q

What did the SS have to do?

A

Declare absolute obedience and loyalty to Hitler

They had to harden their hearts against human suffering

88
Q

What did the Einsatzgruppen have to do?

A

Line up Jews and shoot them into mass graves

89
Q

Why was “The Final Solution” put into place?

A

Firing squads were inefficient and too personal

90
Q

How did extermination camps work?

A

Victims were sent to the camps cities were told to undress and forced into the chambers
They were told they were going to have a shower
They were locked inside and dead within fifteen minutes
They were stripped of any valuables
The bodies were burnt in giant ovens
The ashes were sometimes used as fertiliser

91
Q

Who was Sophie Scholl?

A

The leader of the White Rose Movement

92
Q

What was the White Rose Movement?

A

A small, non-violent resistance group

93
Q

What did the White Rose Movement do?

A

They printed pamphlets complaining about the Nazis and spread them in universities

94
Q

What happened to Sophie Scholl and her brother Hans?

A

They were caught by the Gestapo and executed by guillotine

95
Q

What were the three main churches in Germany?

A

The Catholic Church
German Christians
Confessing Church

96
Q

What did the Catholic Church?

A

A church that signed an agreement with Hitler

Nazis wouldn’t interfere with them and they wouldn’t interfere with the Nazis

97
Q

What was the church of German Christians?

A

They supported Hitler

98
Q

What was the Confessing Church?

A

They were led by Dietrich Bonhoeffer and opposed the Nazis

99
Q

What happened to Dietrich Bonhoeffer?

A

He was a spy on a failed plot to assassinate Hitler

He was caught and hung

100
Q

What was the Warsaw Ghetto?

A

It was a poor area that was closed off for the rest of the city. The people inside were not allowed to leave

101
Q

What did Jews in the Warsaw Ghetto do?

A

They secret,y armed themselves in an attempt at an uprising

102
Q

What was the result of the Warsaw Ghetto uprising?

A

Nazis attacked the ghetto but were resisted
Nazis returned to the ghetto with poisoned gases
They set fire to the ghetto
The survivors were sent to death camps

103
Q

Who were the Nazis?

A

They were a political party led by Hitler

104
Q

What does indoctrinate mean?

A

To brainwash

105
Q

Who were the Gestapo?

A

The secret police

106
Q

Why did Hitler want to get rid of the communist party?

A

They were his main opposition

107
Q

What was the Holocaust?

A

The oppression of the Jews during Hitler’s rule

It refers to the genocide of Jewish people in Europe

108
Q

Why couldn’t Jews escape from Germany?

A

The other countries came up with excuses why they could not take more refugees

109
Q

How was Italy defeated during WWI?

A

The Italian dictator tried to flee, but was stopped and killed by Italian resistors

110
Q

Who was the Italian dictator during WWI?

A

Benito Mussolini

111
Q

What did the Italian resistors do to Mussolini?

A

They killed hi and hung his body upside down in a public square

112
Q

How was Germany defeated?

A

Hitler didn’t want to suffer Mussolini’s fate

He committed suicide along with his wife

113
Q

What happened after WWI? (In terms of the concentration camps)

A

The full scope of Nazi horrors was discovered

Most inmates died a short while after liberation

Abi History 2016 (8 decks)

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