WW1 and Impact on British India

Question 1

How did WW1 affect India economically

Answer 1

Increased taxation in India to fund the war: price of food rose by 93%, Indian goods by 60% and imported goods by 190%

Question 2

Why did Indians fight with loyalty during WW1?

Answer 2

To prove themselves worthy of self govt. to the British Empire and expected more say in the running of their country when it was over.

Question 3

When was the Lucknow pact?

Answer 3

1916

Question 4

What was the Lucknow pact?

Answer 4

Agreement between congress and Muslim league: whereby it was agreed that Muslims would have a fixed proportion of seats in Parliament and extra ones where they were a minority.

Question 5

When was the Montagu Declaration?

Answer 5

1917

Question 6

What was the Montagu Declaration?

Answer 6

Secretary of state Edwin Montagu announced a new approach to the governing of India - Implied some form of self-government for India however no timeframe specified.

An attempt to integrate India’s educated middle class into government.

Question 7

What type of system did the Montagu Declaration bring?

Answer 7

System of diarchy: dividing power in the provinces between the British and India.

Question 8

When were the Rowlatt Acts?

Answer 8

1919

Question 9

What were the Rowlatt Acts?

Answer 9

A temporary measure put in place for the war and 6 months after.
Acts put in place to make sure anti-war behaviour and activities were banned.

This included; Imprisonment without trial, trial by judges without a jury, censorship and house arrest of suspects.

Question 10

What was the response to the Rowlatt Acts?

Answer 10

Muslim Leader Jinnah and others resigned from the Indian National council after this act was passed.

Question 11

When was the Amritsar massacre?

Answer 11

April 1919

Question 12

What was the Amritsar massacre?

Answer 12

British army instructed by governor O’Dwyer to kill those demonstrating against the Rowlatt acts.

Military force was commanded by general Dyer and fired for 10 mins without warning.

Question 13

How many were killed and injured in Amritsar massacre?

Answer 13

Estimated 1,200 injured and 300 + killed

Question 14

What was the significance of the Amritsar Massacre? (4 points)

Answer 14

• Only temporarily stopped the protest movement
• Showed hypocrisy of Britain (with Government of India act coming in at the same time)
• Turned moderates away from supporting the British
• Led directly to Gandhi’s first big non-cooperation campaign

Question 15

When does Gandhi become the leader of congress?

Answer 15

1920

Question 16

What drives Gandhi away from supporting the British raj?

Answer 16

The Rowlatt acts, Amritsar massacre and outcome of the T.O.V (1919) changed his mind and he quickly became anti raj.