WW1 Flashcards
Which colony did Germany challenge French control of in 1905 and 1911?
Morocco (led to the Moroccan Crisis)
Which alliance consisted of Great Britain, France, and Russia?
Triple Entente
Who was assassinated in Sarajevo on June 28, 1914?
Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Which nation came to the defense of Serbia?
Russia
Which alliance included the nations Austria-Hungary, Germany, and Italy?
Triple Alliance
What did Germany want to accomplish by executing the Schlieffen Plan?
avoid two-front war, attack France through Belgium
How many were killed at the Battle of Verdun?
300,000
What advantage did Russia have over the Central Powers?
population
Who was the mastermind behind the Gallipoli Campaign (Allies take over Dardanelles strait)?
Winston Churchill
Which nation used unrestricted submarine warfare against neutral vessels?
Germany
Who was the German foreign secretary?
Arthur Zimmerman
Which American president asked for a declaration of war against Germany in 1917?
Woodrow Wilson
Which battle stopped the German advance in 1914 on the Western Front?
First Battle of the Marne
What was the region between the trenches known as?
No Man’s Land
Which ship sinking angered the American public?
Lusitania
Which leader abdicated on November 9, 1918?
Kaiser Wilhelm II
Which policy dedicates all resources towards the war effort?
Total War
What is the purpose of propaganda?
To increase public support for the war, suppress anti-war activities, and dehumanize the other side
Which group typically filled jobs abandoned during the war?
Women
Which revolution brought an end to the Tsar’s rule after 300 years?
February Revolution
What was the name of the major victorious nations at the Paris Peace Conference?
The Big Four
Which peace plan called for a kinder peace?
The 14 Points
Which organization was created to protect world peace?
The League of Nations
What was Germany forced to pay under the Treaty of Versailles?
War reparations
How many were killed in WW1?
20 million
What political philosophy would emerge in the decades after WW1?
Fascism
What are some causes of WW1?
imperialism, assassination of Franz Ferdinand, militarism, nationalism
What nations were involved in the Moroccan Crisis?
Germany, France
What type of armies did many countries have?
large standing armies
Why did Otto von Bismarck want to form alliances?
protect Germany, isolate France
Who was a part of the Triple Entente?
Great Britain, France, Russia
Who controlled Bosnia and Herzegovina?
Austria-Hungary
What was the goal of the Black Hand?
Serbian terrorist group who killed Archduke Franz Ferdinand, wanted to unite Slavics
What is militarism?
glorifying military values
Who was part of the Triple Alliance?
Germany, Italy, Austria-Hungary
Who was angered by the German invasion of Belgium?
UK
Which nation switched sides to the Allies?
Italy
How long did most people think the war would last?
a few months
What was significant at the outcome of the First Battle of the Marne?
Schlieffen plan stopped, Germany has to fight a two-front war, trench warfare stalemate
What was trench warfare like?
lots of casualties, stalemate
What were the new technologies in WW1?
machine guns, poison gas, airplanes, tanks, submarines
Who commanded the Russian military?
Tsar Nikolas II
What advantage did the Russians have?
large populations
What regions in the world were fronts during WW1?
Middle East, Asia, Europe, Africa, Atlantic Ocean
Why did the Allies attack the Dardanelles Strait (Gallipoli campaign)?
to take capitol of Constantinople / Istanbul, knock out Ottomans from war, supply line in Russia, have new front against Austria-Hungary
What did the British promise the Arabs?
independent Arab state
Who helped the Arabs?
TE Lawrence
Where did the Allies recruit many troops from?
Britain / France, conscription (enlist someone by law)
What was the purpose for unrestricted submarine warfare?
stop resupplying Allies
What did the Germans use to attack ships?
U-boats
Who was Arthur Zimmerman?
German foreign secretary, proposed the Zimmerman Note (alliance with Mexico to distract US)
Who did Germany try to form an alliance with in the Zimmerman Note?
Mexico
Who led the US during WW1?
Woodrow Wilson
What is total war?
using all resources for war?
Who withdrew Russia from the war?
Vladimir Lenin
What did the Germans do to try win the war in 1918?
Spring Offensive
What happened on November 11, 1918?
armistice was signed (pause on the war)
Who was part of the Big Four?
US, UK, France, Italy
What was Wilson’s peace plan?
14 Points
How did France want to treat Germany?
harsh, unfair
Which nation never joined the League of Nations?
US
Who was forced to pay reparations?
Germany
Which leader rose up in Germany after WW1?
Hitler
