Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

War and revolution Russia > WW1 > Flashcards

WW1 Flashcards

1
Q

Long term origins of WW1

A

Triple entente (France/Russia/Britain vs Austrai-Hungary/Germany)

Balkan crisis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why did Russia join the triple entente

A

Before foreign policy based on friendly relations with Prussia/Austria-Hungary
-Germany didn’t renew Reinsurance treaty of 1887 (Both parties no support 3rd party if 1 party fell into conflict)
=Russia pushed to seek new allies
-Formed alliance with french in 1894
-Then joined triple entente

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The Balkan crisis

A

Astria-Hungary/Russia both wanted Balkan countries
= 1908 deal: Russian shipping free movement through straights if supported Austrian annexation of Bosnia-Herzegovina

-Problems:
-Serbia saw BZ as serbian so wanted Russian slavic support
-European powers rejected Russia easy access through straights
-Germany reacted saying would support AH in annexation= humiliation for tsars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How were the consequences of the Balkan wars a disappointment for Russia (Long-term origins)

A

Had hoped balkan league would damage status of AH but instead squabbled over gains from Turks

Bulgaria most weakened- serious as the slav state most in line with Russian thinking/planning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Significance of the Balkan crisis (Long-term origins)

A

Showed Russia couldn’t dictate how European conflicts could be resolved

Showed political/military impotence that angered Russian ppl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Short-term origins of WW1

A

Assassination of Austrian Archduke Franz-Ferdinand by Serbian nationalist Gabriel princip
-Russia had to protect slavic Serbia if A retaliated/needed to make sure AH wouldn’t use as excuse to take balkans
-Issued mobilisation order when AH declared war on S
=Germany/Austria declare war on Russia
=Schlieffen Plan/Eastern block

(Russian leaders worst fears)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a mobilisation order

A

Order for military to prepare for conflict/war

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why mobilisation order bad idea (short-term origins)

A

-Left R vulnerable to G attack in West
-Railway links to west undeveloped
-Difficult at short notice
-Antagonistic- ppl feared would lead to war and did

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When did Russia issue full mobilisation order (short term origins)

A

30th July 1914

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

August-September 1914 (Course of First world war)

A

Initial R victory at Gumbinnen followed by disastrous defeats at Tennenberg/Masurian Lakes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

February 1915(Course of First world war)

A

R forces pushed back from East Prussia but take Memel in March

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

August 1915 (Course of First world war)

A

Nicholas II took command of army against advice
Russian retreat temporarily halted but had to abandon Vilna in September

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

February 1916 (Course of First world war)

A

Glimmer of hope as Russians took Ezerum from Ottomans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

June 1916 (Course of First world war)

A

Brusilov offensive launched= some initial success but Germans easily realised threat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

June/July 1917 (Course of First world war)

A

Attack on A forces but end of July Russians still in retreat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

August 1917 (Course of First world war)

A

Russia withdrew from strategically important port of Riga in Latvia

17
Q

December 1918(Course of First world war)

A

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk signing- Trotsky said conditions were diktat

18
Q

Military failures (impact of war)

A

-Defeats at Tannenburg/Masurian lakes= dented army/Citizen morale
-2X troops lost as enemy
-Casualties= 8 million (1.7 dead/2.4 captured)

=Tsar left to control army= political vacuum

19
Q

Failure of industry (impact of war)

A

-Military failures blamed on “shells crisis” so workers had to put + effort into munitions production BUT industry already working at full capacity
-Communication/transport problems= stockpiling of supplies (e.g in Archangel mountains of hardware sunk into ground)

20
Q

Economic impact of war

A

-Huge financial burden of 3 billion roubles (2X gov expenditure in peacetime)
-Gov print more money to cope= hyperinflation (e.g prices + 400% by 1917)

21
Q

Social impact of war

A

Rapidly rising population/army food requisitioning/- fertilisers/transport problems= FOOD SHORTAGES/FAMINE (e.g Petrograd bread ration - 25%)

-Some say regional problem as mostly big cities but doesn’t matter because still= WIDESPREAD UNREST

22
Q

Political impact of war

A

-Tsar leaving Tsarina in charge= very unpopular as German/Rasputin
-Growing criticism/pressure= abdicates
-Replaced by PG

23
Q

Pessimists argument

A

Argue WW1 was NOT significant turning point
-Sympathises with efforts of working-class
-Pro-Bolshevik standpoint

24
Q

Pessimists explaining how political consequences NOT directly caused by war

A

-Duma had developed progressive bloc before (acknowledged by Nicholas II who restricted their freedoms)
-Nicholas incompetent leader so only a matter of time, war simply sped up his demise

25
Q

Pessimists explaining how social consequences (unrest) NOT directly caused by war

A

-Rise of working class had built up overtime- came hand-in-hand with industrialisation/urbanisation which could be traced back to Witte’s “great spurt”
-Greater WC consciousness reinforced by legalisation of political parties that represented their interests

So war just accelerated these trends

26
Q

Weakness of pessimist argument

A

Doesn’t explain why Bolsheviks still able to seize power after July days

27
Q

Optimists argument

A

Tsarism by definition was extremely resilient to change so needed dramatic/unique event to change nature of R gov (WW1)

-R industry unable to cope with demands of first industrial war
-Inevitable that Russian ppl would blame their leader

So war was significant turning point

28
Q

Optimists view on what would have happened without war

A

Tsar would have made further constitutional reform= less criticisms (already started in 1905 so would have continued)

29
Q

Optimists argument on how war led to revolution

A

Military failures= economic pressures that impacted lives of Russian ppl= social unrest, authorities couldn’t cope so= anarchy= formation of PG
-Continuation of war meant PG couldn’t establish authority= opportunity to revolutionaries

War and revolution Russia (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions