WW1

Question 1

Allied Powers

Answer 1

consisted of france, russia, and great britain during WWI
the alliance was created in 1907 and was called the triple entente.

Question 2

Battle of Chateau Thierry

Answer 2

in 1918 the american troops fought with the french to turn back a determined german offensive
shortly after this battle, the allies ended the german advance and were ready to start their own offensive

Question 3

Battle of Meuse Argonne

Answer 3

offensive that sought to cut the german railroad lines feeding the western front
lasted 47 days

Question 4

Central Powers

Answer 4

consisted of germany, austria hungary, and italy
they formed prior to the triple entente and were called the triple alliance

Question 5

Chicago Race Riot, 1919

Answer 5

in chicago a black teenager swimming in lake michigan happened to drift toward a white beach where white people stoned him unconscious and he sank and drowned
angry black people gathered in crowds and marched into white neighborhoods to retaliate so the white people formed a even larger crowd and roamed into black neighborhoods
overall 120 people died in these racial outbreaks

Question 6

Committee on Public Information

Answer 6

was created to rally public support of war
it was headed by George Creel
his job was to sell america on the war and sell the world on wilsonian war aims
the creel organization employed thousands of workers around the world to spread war propaganda
the entire nation was as a result swept into war fever

Question 7

David Lloyd George

Answer 7

british prime minister who wanted germany to face harsh decisions from the paris peace conference and he had just returned to power after his party had promised to hang the kaiser
he was the british representative at the paris peace conference

Question 8

Doughboys

Answer 8

a nickname for the inexperienced but fresh american soldiers during WWI

Question 9

Espionage Act 1917

Answer 9

gave the government new tools with which to combat spying, sabotage, or obstruction of the war effort

Question 10

Fourteen Points

Answer 10

the war aims outlined by President Wilson in 1918 which he believed would promote lasting peace
called for self-determination, freedom of the seas, free trade, end to secret agreements, reduction of arms and a league of nations

Question 11

George Creel

Answer 11

head of the committee on public information 1917 which was allegedly formed to combat wartime rumors by providing authoritative info
it served as propaganda agency proclaiming the governments version of reality and discrediting those who questioned that version

Question 12

Great Migration

Answer 12

when nearly half a million people migrated from the rural south to industrial cities in search of factory jobs that the war was rapidly creating

Question 13

Henry Cabot Lodge

Answer 13

senator of massachusetts who was the powerful chairman of the foreign relations committee and who loathed the president
he used every possible tactic to obstruct the treaty

Question 14

HMS Lusitania

Answer 14

a british passenger ship that was sunk by a german u boat in 1915
128 americans died
the sinking greatly turned american opinion against the germans
helped the move towards entering the war

Question 15

Industrial Workers of the World / “Wobblies”

Answer 15

a former international labor union and radical labor movement in the US
this radical labor organization was founded in 1905
they advocated revolution and massive societal reorganization that would put the working class in control of government and the economy
led by eugene debs
the organization faded away around 1920

Question 16

Influenza pandemic 1918

Answer 16

global outbreak of a deadly type of flu
the movement of soldiers during WWI helped to spread the virus
20-40% of people in the world are estimated to have become ill with the virus that attacked the young and healthy as well the weak
people sometimes felt fine in the morning and were dead by night
an estimated 675,000 people died in the US and 50 million worldwide

Question 17

Kaiser Wilhelm

Answer 17

was the kaiser of germany at the time of WWI reigning from 1888-1918
he pushed for a more aggressive foreign policy by means of colonies and a strong navy to compete with britain
his actions added to the growing tensions in pre-1914 europe.

Question 18

League of Nations

Answer 18

an organization of nations formed after WWI to promote cooperation and peace

Question 19

National War Labor Board

Answer 19

helped resolve labor disputes that might slow down war production

Question 20

Pittsburgh Steel Strike 1919

Answer 20

greatest strike in history
250,000 strike to get owners to recognize their right to organize, owners brought in 30,000 african americans to break strike

Question 21

Reparations

Answer 21

as part of the treaty of versailles, germany was ordered to pay fines to the allies to repay the costs of the war
opposed by the US, it quickly lead to a severe depression in germany

Question 22

Sedition Act

Answer 22

expanded the the meaning of the espionage act to make illegal any public expression of opposition to the war
they allowed officials to prosecute anyone who criticized the president or the government

Question 23

Schenck vs. United States

Answer 23

the supreme court rules against freedom of speech, if it presents “clear and present danger”… when such speech posed a danger to the nation

Question 24

Schlieffen Plan

Answer 24

german plan to take paris before the brits could land an army
assumed russia would take a year to mobilize
assumed they could invade france from belgium in 3 days

Question 25

Selective Service Act

Answer 25

1917 law provided for the registration of all american men between the ages of 21 and 30 for a military draft
by the end of WWI, 24.2 million had registered; 2.8 million had been inducted into the army
age limit was later changed to 18 to 45

Question 26

Self Determination

Answer 26

the right of a people to assert its own national identity or form of government without outside influence

Question 27

Treaty of Versailles

Answer 27

created by the leaders victorious allies nations: france, britain, US, and signed by germany to help stop WWI
the treaty 1) stripped Germany of all army, navy, airforce, 2) germany had to repair war damages (33 billion), 3) germany had to acknowledge guilt for causing WWI, 4) germany could not manufacture any weapons

Question 28

Trench Warfare

Answer 28

a form of warfare in which opposing armies fight each other from trenches dug in the battlefield

Question 29

Unrestricted submarine warfare

Answer 29

with so many US arms sneaking across the atlantic to allied powers, germany eventually declared unrestricted submarine warfare because they couldn’t distinguish certainly enough from merchant and armed vessels
this plan drew the US into war

Question 30

U-Boats

Answer 30

german submarines
shortened from unterseeboot
they changed irrevocably the manner in which maritime warfare was waged, because a ship could be torpedoed and destroyed without sighting the opposition
originally germany made a distinction in military and non-military vessels, and later in warning ships, but it was quarrels over these boats that brought america and germany to the brink of war

Question 31

War Hawk

Answer 31

members of congress that pushed for joining WWI

Question 32

Zimmerman Note

Answer 32

a telegram from germany’s foreign secretary arthur zimmermann to Mexico
in return for mexico joining the central powers, germany would help recover the territories that mexico had lost to the US (guadalupe hidalgo)
the telegram was intercepted by the US and caused them to join the allied powers