Imperialism Flashcards
Alfred T. Mahan - Influence Upon Sea Power
argued that control of the sea was the key to world dominance; stimulated the naval race among the great powers
Anti Imperialist League - Anti Imperialist League (Carnegie)
objected to the annexation of the Philippines and the building of an American empire
idealism, self-interest, racism, constitutionalism, and other reasons motivated them, but they failed to make their case; the Philippines were annexed in 1900
Boxer Rebellion
popular peasant uprising in China that blamed foreign people and institutions for the loss of the traditional Chinese way of life
led to creation of the Open Door Policy
Buffalo Soldiers
nickname for African American soldiers who fought in the wars in the plains against Native Americans in the 1870s
formed after Congress passed legislation in 1866 that allowed African Americans to enlist in the country’s regular peacetime military
Commodore George Dewey
a US naval officer remembered for his victory at Manila Bay in the Spanish-American War
naval commander who led the American attack on the Philippines
De Lome Letter
the Spanish minister in Washington sent a secret letter he wrote describing President McKinley as weak with no mind of his own, angering many Americans when the letter was intercepted and published in American papers
Dollar Diplomacy
president William Howard Taft’s foreign policy in which he sought to address international problems by extending American investment overseas, believing that such activity would both benefit the US economy and promote stability abroad
Emilio Aguinaldo
the first President of the Philippines and led Philippine forces first against Spain in the latter part of the Philippine Revolution, and then in the Spanish-American War, and during against the US during the Philippine-American War
Foraker Act
established Puerto Rico as an unorganized US territory and did not give Puerto Ricans citizenship
Haiti
troubled Caribbean island nation where a president’s murder led Wilson to send in the marines and assume American control of the police and finances
Insular Cases
supreme court case whereby Puerto Rico was deemed unable to self govern.
established the fact that the protections and liberties of the US Constitution would not follow into territories such as Puerto Rico.
Jingoism
extreme nationalism in the form of aggressive foreign policy
a country’s avocation to the use of threats or actual force against other countries in order to safeguard what it perceives as its national interests
Jones Act
law according territorial status to the Philippines and promising independence as soon as a “stable government” could be established
Open Door Policy
the proposition to keep trade in China open equally to trade with all countries, preventing any one nation from controlling trade in the region
the policy also called for powers to respect Chinese territorial integrity
Panama Canal - Teddy Roosevelt Message to Congress, Panama
Roosevelt helped to build the Panama Canal in Central America to cut travel time significantly between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans
Pancho Villa
mexican revolutionary who killed many Americans in Mexico
The US sent John J Pershing to capture him but never did
Platt Amendment
a treaty between the US and Cuba that attempted to protect Cuba’s independence from foreign intervention
Queen Liliuokalani - Queen Lil Protest to McKinley
The last reigning queen of Hawaii
She insisted that native Hawaiians should control the Islands while American planters renewed their efforts to secure the annexation of Hawaii to the US
Rough Riders
A group of American volunteers that formed to fight at San Juan Hill in Cuba.
Many of them were cowboys, ex-convicts, and other rugged men
Roosevelt Corollary - Roosevelt Corollary
a speech in which Roosevelt stated that European intervention in the Western Hemisphere was over.
Let Latin American countries know that the US would intervene to maintain peace and stability in the region
added on to Monroe Doctrine
Spanish-American War / Splendid Little War
established the independence of Cuba, ceded Puerto Rico and Guam to the US, and allowed the victorious power to purchase the Philippines Islands from Spain for $20 million
San Juan Hill
a hill near Santiago de Cuba, the scene of a decisive 1 July 1898 battle during the Spanish-American War
Teller Amendment
a proviso to President William McKinley’s war plans that proclaimed to the world that when the US had overthrown the Spanish misrule, it would give Cuba its freedom
USS Maine / “Remember the Maine”
after the maine blew up, this was used to blame spanish and ignite war
Victoriano Huerta
mexican military officer and President of Mexico who was also leader of the violent revolution that took place in 1913
his rise to power caused many Mexicans to cross the border as well as angering the US who saw him as a dictator
William McKinley
he presided over victory in the Spanish–American War of 1898; gained control of Hawaii, Puerto Rico, the Philippines and Cuba; restored prosperity after a deep depression; rejected the inflationary monetary policy of free silver, keeping the nation on the gold standard; and raised protective tariffs
William Gorgas
army physician who helped eradicate Yellow Fever and Malaria from Panama so work on the Panama Canal could proceed
