Great Depression and New Deal

Question 1

Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA)

Answer 1

-protected farmers from price drops by providing crop subsidies to reduce production, educational programs to teach methods of preventing soil erosion

Question 2

Bonus Army

Answer 2

-a group of almost 20,000 WWI veterans who were hard hit victims of the depression, who wanted what the government owed them for their services and “saving” democracy. They marched to Washington and set up public camps and erected shacks on vacant lots. They tried to intimidate Congress into paying them, but Hoover had them removed by the army, which shed a negative light on Hoover

Question 3

Brain Trust

Answer 3

-small group of reform minded intellectuals, mainly young college professors. Considered much of the New Deal legislation and were a group of advisors for Franklin Roosevelt

Question 4

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

Answer 4

-a public work relief program for unemployed men, providing vocational training through the performance of useful work related to conservation and development of natural resources in the US from 1933 to 1942

Question 5

Congress of Industrialized Labor / John Lewis

Answer 5

-leader of organized labor who served as president of the United Mine Workers of America (UMW) from 1920-1960. He played a major role in coal mining history and a huge force in founding the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) that led to the United Steel Workers of America. Helped to organize millions in the 1930s. He was a liberal who supported FDR until the US broke out of its isolationism in WWII. Helped bring higher wages, pensions, and medical benefits to coal workers. Led a federation of organized workers in unions.

Question 6

Court Packing Plan

Answer 6

-roosevelt’s proposal in 1937 to “reform” the Supreme Court by appointing an additional justice for every justice over age 70; following the Court’s actions in striking down major New Deal laws, FDR came to believe that some justices were out of touch with the nation’s needs. Congress believed Roosevelt’s proposal endangered the Court’s independence and said no

Question 7

Dust Bowl

Answer 7

-caused by overproduction and drought, it killed all of the crops of the region. The topsoil turned to a fine powdery dust that blew away with the severe, hot winds that wreaked havoc on the farmers who remained. The area earned this name because Plains farmers saw their land literally blow away

Question 8

Election of 1932

Answer 8

-the Republicans nominated Herbert Hoover to run for president in the election of 1932. The Democrats chose Franklin Delano Roosevelt. He had been born to a wealthy New York family and served as the governor of New York. FDR wins.

Question 9

Eleanor Roosevelt

Answer 9

-FDR’s Wife and New Deal supporter. Was a great supporter of civil rights and opposed the Jim Crow laws. She also worked for birth control and better conditions for working women

Question 10

Emergency Banking Relief Act

Answer 10

-gave the president power over the banking system and set up a system by which banks would be reorganized or reopened

Question 11

Fair Labor Standards Act

Answer 11

-regulated minimum wages and maximum work hours for workers in interstate commerce. Outlawed labor by people under 16; important New Deal labor legislation.

Question 12

Father Charles Coughlin

Answer 12

-catholic priest from Michigan Whose anti-New Deal speeches in the 1930’s became so anti semitic, fascist, and demagogic that he was silenced by his superiors

Question 13

First 100 Days

Answer 13

-president Roosevelt’s first three months in taking office. During this time, FDR had managed to get Congress to pass an unprecedented amount of new legislation that would revolutionize the role of the federal government from that point on. This era saw the passage of bills aimed at repairing the banking system and restoring American’s faith in the economy, starting government works projects to employ those out of work, offering subsidies for farmers, and devising a plan to aid in the recovery of the nation’s industrial sector

Question 14

Frances Perkins

Answer 14

-the US Secretary of Labor from 1933 to 1945 and the first woman ever appointed to the cabinet. As a loyal supporter of her friend Franklin D. Roosevelt, she helped pull the labor movement into the New Deal coalition.

Question 15

Glass Steagall Banking Reform Act

Answer 15

-government legislation that made 750 million dollars that had once been kept in the governments gold reserves now able to be used in the creation of loans. This allowed the banks to reopen and it gave the president the power to regulate banking transactions and foreign exchange. FDIC.

Question 16

Harry Hopkins

Answer 16

-one of FDR’s closest advisers. He was one of the architects of the New Deal, especially the relief programs of the Works Progress Administration (WPA), which he directed and built into the largest employer in the country

Question 17

HOLC

Answer 17

-refinance mortgages

Question 18

Huey Long

Answer 18

-a politician from LA, he was Roosevelt’s biggest threat. Increased the share of state taxes paid by corporations, and also embarked on public works projects including new schools, highways, bridges, and hospitals; seized almost dictatorial control of the state government; believed that the New Deal was not radical enough

Question 19

Keynesian Economics

Answer 19

-theory based on the principles of John Maynard Keynes, stating that government spending should increase during business slumps and be curbed during booms

Question 20

National Recovery Administration (NRA)

Answer 20

-early New Deal program designed to help industry, labor, and the unemployed with centralized planning mechanisms that oversaw workers’ earnings and working hours to distribute work. The goal was to eliminate “cut-throat competition” by bringing industry, labor and government together to create codes of “fair practices” and set prices.

Question 21

New Deal

Answer 21

-president Franklin Roosevelt’s precursor of the modern welfare state; programs to combat economic depression enacted a number of social insurance measures and used government spending to stimulate the economy; increased power of the state and the state’s intervention in US social and economic life

Question 22

Public Works Administration (PWA)

Answer 22

-infrastructure
-hire private companies

Question 23

Scottsboro Nine

Answer 23

-nine black teenagers were taken off a freight train in a small town in Alabama and were arrested for vagrancy and disorder. Later, two white women accused the boys of raping them, and although there was significant evidence to suggest the women were lying, an all white jury convicted all of the boys and eight were sentenced to death

Question 24

Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

Answer 24

-new deal program that provided reparations in the stock market, protected people from fraud in investments in stocks

Question 25

Sit down strike

Answer 25

-a strike in which workers stop working but remain at their workplace. A sit down strike at the General Motors Company in Flint, Michigan in 1937 forced the company to recognize the United Auto Workers union as the bargaining agent for the workers

Question 26

Social Security Act (SSA)

Answer 26

-set up Social Security, a public pension system for the elderly or people with disabilities who were unable to work

Question 27

Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

Answer 27

-a relief, recovery, and reform effort that gave 2.5 million poor citizens jobs and land. It brought cheap electric power, low-cost housing, cheap nitrates, and the restoration of eroded soil

Question 28

Twenty First Amendment

Answer 28

-repealed the 18th amendment and prohibition