WSET Level 2 full exam material Flashcards

1
Q

Vieilles Vignes

A

Old vines - French (not a regulated term)

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2
Q

Tank fermentation process

A

Process for sparkling wine production - 2nd fermentation takes place in pressurised tanks (Prosecco d’Asti)

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3
Q

Harvest

A

Time where grapes are picked

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4
Q

Botrytis

A

Noble rot: grows in the damp and foggy morning - infests ripe grapes - perforates the grape skin - in the sunny afternoon water in the berries evaporates -> leads to concentration of sugar / acidity / aroma

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5
Q

Oaked - oak aged - oak fermented

A

Terms used to indicate oak usage

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6
Q

Vendemmia

A

Harvest or vintage in Italian

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7
Q

Elevé en Barrique - fermenté en barrique

A

Matured in barriques - fermented in barriques (France)

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8
Q

Cuvée

A

Blending of different grape varieties / vintages / vineyards

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9
Q

Unfiltered - Unfined

A

Particulates have not been removed from wine

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10
Q

Vintage

A

Year in which the grapes in a wine were grown

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11
Q

When are you fit for wine tasting?

A

Healthy / not tired / palate free of coffee - tobacco - sweets - chewing gum - toothpaste

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12
Q

What is the additional designation for the best vineyards in Alsace?

A

Grand Cru

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13
Q

Barrel aged - barrel fermented

A

Aged or fermented in barriques

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14
Q

Millésime

A

French term for vintage

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15
Q

Alte Reben

A

Old vines - German (not a regulated term)

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16
Q

Unoaked

A

Term to indicate no use of oak during wine-making process

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17
Q

Which grape varieties are suitable for cool growing regions?

A

Sauvignon Blanc / Chardonnay / Riesling / Pinot Noir

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18
Q

What are the sweetness-level terms in France (dry / semi-dry / sweet / sweet in English)?

A

Sec / demi-sec / moelleux / doux

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19
Q

What are the 5 methods for producing sweet wine?

A

Stopping fermentation by filtering out yeast - adding grape juice or concentrate to a dry wine - dried grapes - noble rot - frozen grapes

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20
Q

What is the ideal environment for wine tasting?

A

Good light / bright surface / no strong odours

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21
Q

Vendanges Tardives

A

medium-sweet to sweet wines made from late harvested grapes

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22
Q

Punching Down & Pumping Over

A

Methods to increase skin contact with juice during red wine fermentation

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23
Q

Spätlese

A

medium-sweet to sweet wines made from late harvested grapes

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24
Q

Noble rot

A

grows in the damp and foggy morning - infests ripe grapes - perforates the grape skin - in the sunny afternoon; water in the berries evaporates -> leads to concentration of sugar / acidity / aroma

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25
Q

Véraison

A

Start of the grape ripening process

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26
Q

Appassimento

A

Drying of healthy harvested grapes before winemaking to concentrate the contents

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27
Q

Pinot Grigio / Pinot Gris

A

Pinot Grigio: white variety - pale - neutral flavour - light body (Italy) / Pinot Gris: intensely exotic fruity - full-bodied - dry to sweet (Alsace)

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28
Q

Alsace

A

France (Riesling - Pinot Gris - Gewürztraminer)

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29
Q

Pinot Gris

A

White variety: from green-fruity with high acidity (Italy) to stone-fruity with low acidity (Alsace)

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30
Q

Alsace Grand Cru

A

Classification for high quality Alsacian wines from top vineyards located on the eastern slopes of the Vosges mountains

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31
Q

Gewürztraminer

A

White variety: golden yellow - intensely fruity (lychee) - low acidity - full-bodied (Alsace)

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32
Q

Pinot Noir growing regions in France

A

Bourgogne / Gevrey-Chambertin / Nuits-Saint-Georges / Beaune / Pommard

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33
Q

Pommard

A

France - Burgundy (Pinot Noir)

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34
Q

Gevrey-Chambertin

A

France - Burgundy (Pinot Noir)

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35
Q

Pinot Noir (typical characters)

A

Red variety: light colour - intense red berry aroma - low tannin

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36
Q

Pinot Noir growing regions in South America

A

Chile: Casablanca Valley

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37
Q

Beaune

A

France - Burgundy (Pinot Noir)

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38
Q

Zinfandel

A

Black variety (identical to Primitivo): Medium colour intensity - jammy aromas - medium tannin and acidity - very full-bodied (USA: California)

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39
Q

Bourgogne Rouge

A

France - Burgundy (Pinot Noir)

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40
Q

What are the geographical indications in France?

A

Appellation d’Origine Contrôlée AOC / Indication Géographique Protégée (IGP) or Vin de Pays

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41
Q

Pinot Noir growing regions North America

A

California: Sonoma / Carneros / Santa Barbara County - Oregon

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42
Q

Burgundy classification (ascending)

A

Region - Village - Premier Cru - Grand Cru

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43
Q

Pinot Noir growing regions in Australia / New Zealand / South Africa

A

Australia: Yarra Valley / Mornington Peninsula - New Zealand: Marlborough - South Africa: Walker Bay

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44
Q

New World Pinot Noir growing regions worldwide

A

California: Sonoma / Carneros / Santa Barbara County - Oregon - Chile: Casablanca Valley - Australia: Yarra Valley / Mornington Peninsula - New Zealand: Marlborough - South Africa: Walker Bay

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45
Q

Mornington Peninsula

A

Australia - Victoria (Pinot Noir)

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46
Q

Bourgogne Rouge

A

France - Burgundy (Pinot Noir)

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47
Q

Central Otago

A

New Zealand - South Island (Pinot Noir)

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48
Q

Primitivo

A

Red variety (identical to Zinfandel): Medium colour intensity - jammy aromas - medium tannin and acidity - very full-bodied (Southern Italy / Apulia)

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49
Q

Nuits-St-Georges

A

France - Burgundy (Pinot Noir)

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50
Q

White Zinfandel

A

Medium-sweet Zinfandel-Rosé with low alcohol from USA

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51
Q

Santa Barbara County

A

Cool region in California for high-quality Pinot Noir wines

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52
Q

Côte de Nuits

A

Region within Burgundy for high-quality wines from Pinot Noir

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53
Q

What are the geographical indications in Germany?

A

Prädikatswein / Qualitätswein / Landwein

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54
Q

Where is icewine made?

A

Germany

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55
Q

Mosel

A

Germany (Riesling)

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56
Q

Beerenauslese

A

Sweet Botrytis wine - Germany: semi-sweet to sweet

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57
Q

Eiswein / Icewine

A

Sweet wine made from grapes frozen on the vine - Germany: very sweet with low alcohol (5-6 % abv.)

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58
Q

Riesling (typical characters)

A

White variety: intense flavours ranging from green fruit to honey - high acidity - hardly any oak usage - suitable for ageing

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59
Q

Where are botrytis sweet wines produced?

A

France: Sauternes / Germany: Mosel / Hungary: Tokaji

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60
Q

Hunter Valley

A

Australia - South Eastern Australia - Semillon

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61
Q

Rias Baixas

A

Spain (Albariño)

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62
Q

Semillon

A

White wine grape - Dry wines from Barossa Valley and Hunter Valley - Sweet wines from Sauternes

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63
Q

Riesling growing regions in Australia

A

Clare Valley / Eden Valley

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64
Q

Clare Valley

A

Australia - South Australia (Riesling)

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65
Q

Pessac-Léognan blanc

A

France - Bordeaux (Sauvignon Blanc / Sémillon)

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66
Q

Graves blanc

A

France - Bordeaux (Sauvignon Blanc / Sémillon)

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67
Q

Pfalz

A

Germany (Riesling)

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68
Q

Auslese

A

Late harvest sweet wine - Germany: Mostly semi-dry to semi-sweet

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69
Q

Chenin Blanc

A

White variety: versatile - restrained to aromatic - high acidity - light to full-bodied (Loire Valley - Touraine - Vouvray also South Africa)

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70
Q

Riesling growing regions in France

A

Alsace

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71
Q

Trockenbeerenauslese

A

Botrytis sweet wine - Germany: very sweet with low alcohol

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72
Q

What are the German Prädikat levels?

A

Kabinett / Spätlese / Auslese / Beerenauslese BA / Trockenbeerenauslese TBA / Eiswein

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73
Q

Sauternes

A

France - Bordeaux (Botrytis sweet wine made from Sémillon and Sauvignon Blanc)

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74
Q

Hunter Valley

A

Australia - South Australia (Shiraz / Semillon)

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75
Q

Tokaji

A

Hungary - Tokaj (Botrytis sweet wine from Furmint)

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76
Q

Rheingau

A

Germany (Riesling)

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77
Q

Eden Valley

A

Australia - South Australia (Riesling)

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78
Q

Vouvray

A

France - Loire - Touraine (Chenin Blanc - dry / sweet / sweet)

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79
Q

Albariño

A

White variety: Intense pure fruit flavour - acidic - light bodied (Spain: Rias Baixas)

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80
Q

Riesling growing regions in Germany

A

Mosel / Rheingau / Pfalz

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81
Q

Rías Baixas

A

Region in north-western Spain for white wines made from Albariño

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82
Q

6 Puttonyos

A

Indicates a very sweet Tokaji Aszú from Hungary

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83
Q

Characteristics of Furmint

A

Semi-aromatic white variety with high acidity; aromas of blossoms and green fruits; susceptible to Botrytis

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84
Q

Hunter Valley Semillon

A

Dry White Wine with high acidity; low alcohol; very subtle primary aromas but great ageing potential

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85
Q

Kabinett

A

Light bodied Prädikatswein from Germany

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86
Q

Viognier

A

White variety: golden yellow - intensely fruity (apricot) - low acidity - full-bodied (northern Rhône)

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87
Q

Napa Valley

A

California (Sauvignon Blanc / Cabernet Sauvignon / Merlot)

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88
Q

Adelaide Hills

A

Australia - South Australia (Chardonnay)

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89
Q

Elgin

A

South Africa (Sauvignon Blanc)

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90
Q

Puligny-Montrachet

A

France - Burgundy (Chardonnay)

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91
Q

Constantia

A

South Africa (Sauvignon Blanc)

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92
Q

Carneros

A

California (Chardonnay / Pinot Noir)

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93
Q

Chardonnay growing regions in California

A

Sonoma / Carneros

94
Q

Casablanca

A

Chile (Sauvignon Blanc / Chardonnay / Pinot Noir)

95
Q

Sancerre

A

France - Upper Loire (Sauvignon Blanc)

96
Q

Sauvignon Blanc growing regions in France

A

Loire: Sancerre / Pouilly-Fumé - Bordeaux: Bordeaux Blanc / Graves / Pessac-Léognan

97
Q

Sauvignon Blanc growing regions in New Zealand / South Africa

A

New Zealand: Marlborough - South Africa: Elgin / Constantia

98
Q

Chardonnay growing regions in France

A

Bourgogne / Chablis / Puligny-Montrachet / Meursault / Macon / Pouilly-Fuissé

99
Q

Bordeaux blanc

A

France - Bordeaux (Sauvignon Blanc)

100
Q

Chardonnay (typical characters)

A

White variety: few aromas - high acidity - suitable for ageing in oak

101
Q

Blending partner of

A

Sémillon

102
Q

Chablis

A

France - Burgundy (Chardonnay)

103
Q

Chardonnay growing regions in South America

A

Chile: Casablanca Valley & Central Valley

104
Q

What are the coolest areas in Australia?

A

Yarra Valley / Mornington Peninsula

105
Q

Sonoma

A

California (Chardonnay / Pinot Noir)

106
Q

Chardonnay growing regions in Australia / New Zealand / South Africa

A

Australia: Yarra Valley / Adelaide Hills / Margaret River - New Zealand: Marlborough South Africa Walker Bay

107
Q

What are places well-known for making cheap mass-produced Chardonnay?

A

Pays d’Oc (Languedoc-Roussillon) / California / Australia / South Eastern Austrtalia / Western Cape)

108
Q

Marlborough

A

New Zealand - South Island (Sauvignon Blanc / Chardonnay / Pinot Noir)

109
Q

Bourgogne Blanc

A

France - Burgundy (Chardonnay)

110
Q

Pouilly-Fumé

A

France - upper Loire (Sauvignon Blanc)

111
Q

Western Cape

A

South Africa (Chardonnay)

112
Q

Walker Bay

A

South Africa (Chardonnay / Pinot Noir)

113
Q

Blending partner of Chardonnay in Australia

A

Sémillon (+ other local varieties)

114
Q

Yarra Valley

A

Australia - Victoria (Chardonnay / Pinot Noir)

115
Q

What are places well-known for making cheap mass-produced Sauvignon Blanc?

A

Pays d’Oc (Languedoc-Roussillon) / Touraine (Loire) / Bordeaux / California / Central Valley (Chile)

116
Q

What are the coolest wine-growing areas in South Africa?

A

Walker Bay / Elgin / Constantia

117
Q

Meursault

A

France - Burgundy (Chardonnay)

118
Q

Sauvignon Blanc growing regions in North and South America

A

California: Napa Valley - Chile: Casablanca Valley

119
Q

Pouilly-Fuissé

A

France - Burgundy - Maconnais (Chardonnay)

120
Q

Margaret River

A

Australia - Western Australia (Chardonnay)

121
Q

Sauvignon Blanc (typical characters)

A

White variety: intense fruity and vegetal aromas - high acidity - rarely in oak

122
Q

Condrieu

A

Rhône Cru Appellation for full-bodied white wines from Viognier

123
Q

South Eastern Australia

A

Region of origin for mass produced wines from Australia

124
Q

Touraine

A

Appellation within the Loire region for affordable wines from Sauvignon Blanc

125
Q

Mâcon

A

Appellation within Burgundy for mostly simple wines made from Chardonnay

126
Q

Barossa Valley

A

Australia - South Australia (Shiraz)

127
Q

Oakville

A

California - Napa Valley (Cabernet Sauvingon / Merlot)

128
Q

Syrah / Grenache growing regions in France

A

Northern Rhône / Crozes-Hermitage / Hermitage / Côte-Rôtie - Souhtern Rhône: Côtes du Rhône / Côtes du Rhône-Villages / Chateauneuf-du-Pape - Languedoc-Roussillon: Minervois

129
Q

Margaux

A

Bordeaux - Left Bank (Caberent Sauvignon / Merlot)

130
Q

Pessac-Léognan rouge

A

Bordeaux - Left Bank (Caberent Sauvignon / Merlot)

131
Q

Cabernet / Merlot growing regions South America

A

Argentina: Mendoza - Chile: Maipo Valley / Colchagua Valley / Cachapoal Valley

132
Q

Syrah / Shiraz (typical characters)

A

Red variety: deeply-coloured - intense peppery and blueberry aromas - high tannin and acidity

133
Q

Côte-Rôtie

A

France - Northern Rhône Valley (Syrah)

134
Q

Barossa Valley

A

Australia - South Australia (Shiraz)

135
Q

Pauillac

A

Bordeaux - Left Bank (Caberent Sauvignon / Merlot)

136
Q

Cabernet / Merlot growing regions in California

A

Napa Valley / Oakville / Rutherford / Central Valley

137
Q

Margaret River

A

Australia - Western Australia (Cabernet Sauvingon / Merlot)

138
Q

Haut-Médoc

A

Bordeaux - Left Bank (Caberent Sauvignon / Merlot)

139
Q

What are places well-known for making cheap mass-produced Cabernet and Merlot wines?

A

Pays d’Oc (Languedoc-Roussillon) / California / Central Valley (Chile)

140
Q

Colchagua Valley

A

Chile (Cabernet Sauvingon)

141
Q

Rutherford

A

California - Napa (Cabernet Sauvingon)

142
Q

Stellenbosch

A

South Africa (Cabernet Sauvingon / Merlot)

143
Q

Graves rouge

A

Bordeaux - Left Bank (Caberent Sauvignon / Merlot)

144
Q

Bordeaux rouge

A

Bordeaux (Merlot)

145
Q

Saint-Emilion

A

Bordeaux (Merlot)

146
Q

Merlot growing regions in France

A

Bordeaux: AOC Bordeaux / Saint-Emilion / Pomerol / Languedoc-Roussillon

147
Q

Cabernet / Merlot growing regions in Australia / New Zealand / South Africa

A

Australia: Margaret River / Coonawarra (only Cabernet) - New Zealand: Hawke’s Bay - South Africa: Stellenbosch

148
Q

Maipo Valley

A

Chile (Cabernet Sauvingon)

149
Q

Pomerol

A

Bordeaux (Merlot)

150
Q

Hermitage

A

France - Northern Rhône Valley (Syrah)

151
Q

Crozes-Hermitage

A

France - Northern Rhône Valley (Syrah)

152
Q

New World Shiraz growing regions

A

Australia: Barossa Valley / Hunter Valley

153
Q

Cabernet Sauvignon (typical characters)

A

Black variety: deeply-coloured - intense black berry aromas - high tannin and acidity

154
Q

Coonawarra

A

Australia - South Australia (Cabernet Sauvingon)

155
Q

Hawkes Bay

A

New Zealand - North Island (Cabernet Sauvingon / Merlot)

156
Q

Merlot (typical characters)

A

Red variety: medium to deeply-coloured - red berry aromas - high alcohol and body

157
Q

Colchagua Valley

A

Chile (Cabernet Sauvingon)

158
Q

Côte Rôtie

A

Rhône Cru Appellation for complex Red Wines from Syrah

159
Q

Cru Bourgeois

A

High quality wines from Médoc which are not classified as Grand Cru Classée

160
Q

Pauillac

A

Village Appellation in Médoc for high quality wines based on Cabernet Sauvignon

161
Q

Pomerol

A

Village Appellation for high quality wines based on Merlot on the right bank in Bordeaux

162
Q

Côtes du Rhône-Villages

A

France - southern Rhône Valley (Grenache

163
Q

Rioja

A

Spain (Tempranillo / Garnacha)

164
Q

Priorat

A

Spain (Garnacha)

165
Q

Catalunya

A

Spain: Mediterranean region near Barcelona (Tempranillo)

166
Q

Minervois

A

France - Languedoc-Roussillon (Grenache

167
Q

Fleurie

A

France - Beaujolais (Gamay)

168
Q

What are the standard labelling terms in Spain (indicating ageing) in ascending order of quality?

A

Joven / Crianza / Reserva / Gran Reserva

169
Q

Ribera del Duero

A

Spain (Tempranillo)

170
Q

Rioja

A

Spain (mainly Tempranillo blended with Garnacha)

171
Q

Côtes du Rhône

A

France - southern Rhône Valley (Grenache

172
Q

Beaujolais / Beaujolais-Villages

A

France - Beaujolais (Gamay)

173
Q

Mendoza

A

Argentina (Malbec)

174
Q

What are places well-known for making cheap mass-produced Syrah and Grenache wines?

A

South Eastern Australia / Côtes du Rhône / Languedoc-Roussillon / Pays d’Oc

175
Q

Gamay

A

Black variety: deeply-coloured - intense berry aromas - low tannin - high acidity - light body (Beaujolais - Fleurie)

176
Q

Malbec

A

Black variety: Deeply coloured - Black berry aromas and barrique notes - High acidity and tannin - Full-bodied (originally south-west France / Bordeaux - today mainly Argentina / Mendoza)

177
Q

Grenache / Garnacha (typical characters)

A

Red variety: medium colour intensity - red berry aromas - high alcohol and body

178
Q

Navarra

A

Spain (Tempranillo)

179
Q

What are the geographical indications in Spain?

A

Denominacion de Origen Calficada DOCa / Denominacion de Origen DO / Vino de la Tierra

180
Q

Pinotage

A

South Africa - Stellenbosch - full-bodied red wines with red berry and animal notes

181
Q

Tempranillo

A

Black variety: Red fruit aromas mostly with intense notes from barrel ageing - medium acidity and tannin - full-bodied (Spain: Rioja / Ribera del Duero / Navarra / Catalunya)

182
Q

Garnacha growing regions in Spain

A

Rioja / Navarra / Priorat

183
Q

Carmenère

A

Black variety - originally from Bordeaux - today Chile - deeply-coloured wines - blueberry and often herbaceous-peppery aromas - high tannin and acidity (Chile: Valle Central)

184
Q

Chateauneuf-du-Pape

A

France - southern Rhône Valley (Grenache

185
Q

Navarra

A

Spain (Tempranillo / Garnacha)

186
Q

Cape Blend

A

South African Red Wine Blend; partially made from Pinotage

187
Q

Rioja Gran Reserva

A

Rioja that has been aged for a long period at the winery and shows primary; secondary and tertiary characteristics

188
Q

Recioto della Valpolicella

A

Italy - Veneto (Corvina - sweet red wine made from dried grapes)

189
Q

Barbaresco

A

Italy - Piemonte (Nebbiolo)

190
Q

Soave

A

Italy - Veneto (Garganega)

191
Q

Nebbiolo

A

Black variety: pale garnet red - red berry and earthy flavours - lots of acidity and tannin - full-bodied (Italy: Piemonte / Barolo / Barbaresco)

192
Q

Montepulciano

A

Black variety: deeply-coloured - black berry and jammy aromas / medium acidity and high tannin (Italy - Abruzzo: Montepulciano d’Abruzzo)

193
Q

Sangiovese

A

Black variety: ruby red - aromas of cherries / plums / herbs - high acidity and tannin - full-bodied (Italy: Chianti / Chianti Classico / Brunello di Montalcino)

194
Q

Recioto

A

Italy - sweet wine made from dried grapes (e.g. Recioto della Valpolicella)

195
Q

Valpolicella / Valpolicela Classico

A

Italy - Veneto (Corvina)

196
Q

Recioto della Valpolicella

A

Italy - Veneto (Corvina - heavily dried grapes / sweet wine)

197
Q

Gavi

A

Italy - Piemonte (Cortese)

198
Q

Chianti / Chianti Classico

A

Italy - Tuscany (Sangiovese)

199
Q

What are the geographical indications in Italy?

A

Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita DOCG / Denominazione di Origine Controllata DOC / Indicazione Geografica Tipica IGT

200
Q

Barbera

A

Black variety: deeply-coloured - red berry aromas and often intense barrique notes - high acidity but low tannin (Italy: Piedmonte)

201
Q

Asti - Moscato d’Asti

A

Italy - Piemonte (sweet sparkling wine made from Moscato grapes with only around 5% alcohol by volume)

202
Q

Barolo

A

Italy - Piemonte (Nebbiolo)

203
Q

Brunello di Montalcino

A

Italy - Tuscany (Sangiovese)

204
Q

Verdicchio

A

White variety: pale - neutral flavour - high acidity - light body (Italy)

205
Q

Amarone della Valpolicella

A

Italy - Veneto (Corvina - dried grapes)

206
Q

Classico

A

Historical core zone within an Italian wine growing region

207
Q

Recioto della Valpolicella

A

Sweet red wine made from dried grapes

208
Q

Characteristics of Barbera

A

Black variety with low tannin; high acidity; red fruit aromas and limited ageing potential

209
Q

Traditional method / Méthode traditionelle / Bottle fermentation

A

Process for making sparkling wine - 2nd fermentation takes place in the bottle (Champagne / Cava / Cap Classique)

210
Q

Glera

A

White grape variety; primarily used for Prosecco; has floral notes; as well as aromas of stone fruit and melon

211
Q

Pinot Meunier

A

Early ripening black variety; used in addition to Pinot Noir for the production of Champagne

212
Q

Prosecco

A

Italy - Veneto (sparkling wines from tank fermentation from Glera grapes)

213
Q

Cap Classique

A

South Africa (sparkling wine made using traditional bottle fermentation)

214
Q

Cava

A

Spain - Catalunya (sparkling wines made using bottle fermentation method from local varieties)

215
Q

Champagne

A

France - Champagne-producing region (Pinot Noir - Meunier - Chardonnay)

216
Q

Brut

A

Dry sparkling wines

217
Q

Liqueur d’expédition

A

Mixture of wine and sugar to top up sparkling wine bottles

218
Q

Dosage

A

Amount of sugar added to a sparkling wine after fermentation - determines the level of sweetness

219
Q

Pale Cream

A

A sweetened Fino Sherry

220
Q

Cream

A

Sweet Sherry: a sweetened Oloroso - nutty oxidative character

221
Q

Tawny

A

Non-vintage Port wine with long barrel ageing -> lightly-coloured garnet red - intense nutty and dried fruit aromas

222
Q

Port

A

Portugal - Douro - fortified red wines from black grape varieties (always sweet)

223
Q

LBV

A

Port wine with vintage (good or very good vintages) -> deep purple red colour - intense fruity aroma

224
Q

Vintage Port

A

Port wine with vintage and great ageing potential (outstanding vintages) -> deep purple red colour - intense fruity aromas

225
Q

Amontillado

A

Dry sherry: first matured in the Fino solera under flor then fortified to 17% and matured further in the Oloroso solera -> amber-coloured - very complex yeasty and nutty aromas

226
Q

PX

A

Very sweet Sherry: made from sun-dried Pedro Ximénes grapes - deep-coloured (like coffee or Guinness beer) - intensely dried fruit - syrupy consistency

227
Q

Ruby

A

Port wine without vintage -> deep purple red colour - intense fruity aroma

228
Q

Douro

A

Portugal (fortified sweet wines from black grape varieties)

229
Q

Sherry

A

Spain - Jerez - fortified white wines made from Palomino grapes (generally dry - may be sweetened)

230
Q

Fino

A

Dry sherry: fortified to 15 % abv and matured in Fino solera under flor yeast -> lightly-coloured - yeasty aromas

231
Q

Oloroso

A

Dry sherry: fortified to 18% and matured oxidatively in the Oloroso Solera -> amber-coloured - very complex nutty aromaa

232
Q

What are the two methods for making fortified wines?

A

Fortifying after fermentation -> dry fortified wines (Sherry) - fortifying during fermentation -> sweet fortified wines (Port)