WRST/ELBW/HUM PROC. Flashcards

1
Q

Wrist has _____ bones
Proximal Row:
Distal Row:
Mnemonic:

A

8 carpal bones
- Prox (close to forearm) = Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrium & Pisiform

  • Distal (close to finger) = Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate

STEVE LEFT THE PARTY TO TAKE CAROL HOME

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2
Q

Smallest Carpal: _________
Largest Carpal: __________
Hamate contains: ___________
Largest Bone in prox row: __________
Most fx carpal: __________

A

-pisiform
-capitate
-hamulus (hook process)
- scaphoid
-scaphoid

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3
Q

What type of joint is wrist?

What is wrist joint called?

What bone(s) articulate directly with carpals?

Which carpal(s) does above articulate with?

A

-Condyloid / free moving

-Radiocarpal joint

  • Radius only bone articulates
    • Radius art w scaphoid & lunate
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4
Q

What is radial deviation? What does it visualize?

What is ulna deviation? What does it visualize?

A

Radial Dev = deviated to thumb
-demos carpal on opposite side

Ulna Dev = deviated to pinky
-demo scaphoid / opp. side carpals

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5
Q

Projections of Wrist
-ROUTINE
-ADVANCED
-TECHNIQUE

A

R: PA, Oblique & Lat
A: Ulna Dev, Axial Scaphoid, Stetcher, Radial dev & Tangential carpal (Gaynor hart)

Tech: 50-55 @ 2.5-3.2

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6
Q

PA WRIST
CR:
POSITION:
ANAT:
Alternative:

A

-CR: Perp. to Midcarpal
-Pos: shoulder, elbow & wrist same plane
-Anat: Carpals, distal ulna/radius & prox metacarpals.
-Not all intercarpal joints open due to shapes of carpals

Alternative = AP

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7
Q

PA OBLIQUE WRIST:
CR:
POSITION:
ANATOMY:

A

CR: Perp to midcarpal
POS: 45* oblique rotation
ANAT: Lateral carpals (trapezium&scaphoid)
- ulna & radius slight superimposed
- 3-5 distal metacarpal superimp

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8
Q

Lateral Wrist
CR:
POSITION:
ANATOMY:

A

CR: perp mid carpal
POSITION: elbow 90* flex,
ANATOMY: Ulna & Radius superimposed,
- Lateral view of carpals & metacarpals
- Ant or Post dislocations if present

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9
Q

PA AXIAL Scaphoid
WHY DONE?
CR?
POSITION?
ANATOMY?

A
  • fxs o scaphoid
    CR: 10-15* proximal (along forearm)
    Perp to long axis of scaphoid
    POS: same horizontal plane
    • deviate to pinky w/o moving FA
    • Scaphoid centered to IR
      ANAT: Scaphoid free of superimp & no foreshortening
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10
Q

Neutral Wrist, Location of Scaphoid:
Where is Carpal Sulcus located?
What passes through carpal canal?
What is Carpal Tunnel?

A

20* anterior tilt

-Palmar surface of wrist
- median nerve
-Compression of the median nerve
inside the carpal canal

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11
Q

PA Axial Wrist - Stetcher Method
WHY PREFORMED?
CR:
POSITION:
ANATOMY:
- Alternative?

A
  • Suspected fx / unable to deviate
    CR: Perp. to Scaphoid
    POSITION: Hand PA, IR elevated 20* with sponge
    ANATOMY: Scaphoid without superimposition
    • can angle tube 20* to elbow with horizontal IR
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12
Q

PA Wrist - Radial Deviation
Why preformed?
CR:
POSITION:
ANATOMY:

A
  • Suspected fx of ulna side carpals
    CR: perp. mid carpal
    POSITION: PA Wrist, Deviation to thumb w/o moving forearm
    ANATOMY: Open interspaces of carpals on medial wrist
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13
Q

Tangential Wrist
AKA:
Why Done?
CR:
POSITION:
ANATOMY:

A

GAYNOR-HART method
- R/o abnormal calcifications in carpal tunnel
- R/o fx of pisiform and hamate
CR: 1 inch distal to base 3rd metacarpal
- 25-30* to long axis of hand
POSITION: Extend fingers back vertically, rotate hand 10* internally
ANATOMY: Carpal canal, pisiform and hamulus hook w/o superimposition

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14
Q

What deviation is demonstrated?

A

radial deviation (to thumb)

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15
Q

Label the Image

A

A. Trapezoid
B. Trapezium
C. Capitate
D. Scaphoid
E. Radius (radial styloid)
F. Radius
G. Ulna
H. Ulnar styloid
I. Lunate
J. Triquetrum
K. Pisiform
L. Hamate

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16
Q

what type of joint is the elbow?
Movements of elbow joint?
What makes up elbow joint?

A

Diathoritic hinge joint
-flex and extension

Radius, ulna & distal humerus

17
Q

Ulna is _____ side & Radius is ____ side
Ulna contains 2 projections: _____ & _______

  • _______- large depression; articulates with distal humerus
    -________- receives radial head forming the proximal radioulnar joint
A

medial & radius is lateral
- olecranon and coronoid process
- Trochlear notch
- Radial notch

18
Q

Proximal Radius consists of ______ & _______.
Below neck of radius is the oval _________
Distal Radius has ________ on lateral surface

A
  • head above the neck.
  • oval radial tuberosity
  • a styloid process on the lateral surface
19
Q

Distal humerus is also called ________
Medial Side contains _____ & Lateral Side
Palpable parts of condyle are ______

Which is larger?

A

Humeral Condyle
- M-Troclea. / L- Capitulum
- medial and lateral epicondyles
-Medial epicondyle is larger

20
Q

________ - Superior to Trochlea, receives Coronoid process

________-Superior to Capitulum, Receives Radial head

________-Posterior depression behind coronoid fossa and accommodates the olecranon process

A

Coronoid fossa

Radial fossa

Olecranon fossa

21
Q

Proximal Humerus consist of:
_______ - lies in oblique plane
_______- Below above structure
_______- Anterior surface below neck
_______- Lateral surface of humerus
_______- Between tubercles
________ - Site of many fractures

A

Head
- Anatomic neck
- Lesser tubercle
-Greater tubercle
-Intertubercular groove (or bicipital)
- Surgical neck

22
Q

What View of elbow?

A

Posterior
- can tell by Olecranon Process

23
Q

What view of elbow?

A

ANTERIOR

24
Q

What view of elbow?

A

ANTERIOR

25
Q

Projections of Elbow
ROUTINE
ADVANCED
TECHNIQUE

A

R: AP, Lateral & Oblique (medial / lateral rotations)

A: AP Partial Flexion, Coyle Method - Trauma (lateromedial & mediolateral)

Tech: 60-65 @ 4-6

26
Q

Label the image

A

A. Medial epicondyle
B. Trochlea
C. Coronoid tubercle
D. Radial head
E. Capitulum
F. Lateral epicondyle
H. Olecranon process

27
Q

AP ELBOW
CR:
POSITION:
ANATOMY:
EPICONDYLES:

A

CR: Perp to elbow joint
POSITION: Humerus, Elbow & FA same plane, hand supine
ANATOMY: Medial & Lateral epicondyles in profile
- Rad head, neck & tuberosity slight superimposed by ulna
EPICONDYLES: Parallel to IR

28
Q

AP OBLIQUE ELBOW
CR:
POSITION:
ANATOMY:

A

CR: Perp to mid elbow

  • Lateral Oblique: 45* rotation to thumb side, hand supinated
    Anat: Rad head, neck & tuberosity in profile w/o superimposition
  • Medial Oblique: 45* rotation medically, hand pronated
    Anat: Coronoid process in profile, Rad head & neck superimposed
29
Q

Lateral Elbow
CR:
POSITION:
ANATOMY:
EPICONDYLES:

A

CR: Perp elbow joint
POSITION: Elbow 90*
ANATOMY: Olecranon in profile
- superimposed epicondyles
- 3 concentric arcs & fat pads visual
EPICONDYLES: Perp. to IR

30
Q

What are the 3 concentric arcs & where are they located?

What projection demonstrates fat pads?

Name 3 fat pads:
Where is posterior fat pad located & why is it important?

A
  • Trochlea Sulcus, Ridges of trochlea & capitulum and Trochlear notch = all in lateral elbow
  • lateral elbow

-Anterior, Posterior & Supinator Fat Pads

  • Posterior located in olecranon fossa and only visible if injury present
31
Q

AP ELBOW - PARTIAL FLEXION
How preformed?
Why preformed?
Position?
CR?
Anatomy?

A

2 partially flexed AP projections
-when arm can’t be fully extended

-Image 1. humerus parallel to IR, image 2. forearm parallel to IR

-CR: Perp to elbow joint

-ANAT: Distal humerus seen on humerus parallel image & prox rad/ulna seen on forearm parallel image

32
Q

ELBOW AXIAL- LATEROMEDIAL & MEDIOLATERAL
Why Preformed?
Lateromedial (CR, Position, Anat)
Mediolateral (CR, Position, Anat)

A
  • Done when patient can’t extend elbow / trauma view

Lateromedial:
- Flex 90, hand pronated
- CR 45
to shoulder
- Radial Head

Mediolateral:
- Flex 80, hand pronated
- CR 45
away shoulder
- Coronoid process

33
Q

Projections of Humerus
Routine:
Advanced:
Technique:

A

R: AP & Lateral

A: Transthroacic Lateral

Tech: 70-75 @ 8-10

34
Q

AP HUMERUS
CR:
EPICONDYLES:
ANAT:

A

CR: Perp mid humerus
EPI: Parallel IR,
ANAT: Greater tub in profile laterally, Epicondyles in profile

35
Q

Lateral Humerus
CR:
Epicondyles:
Positions:
Anatomy:

A

CR: Perp mid humerus
Epi: perp to IR
POS: Lateromedial or Mediolateral
ANAT: Lesser Tubercle in profile medically, Epicondyles superimposed

36
Q

Transthoracic Humerus
AKA:
WHY DONE:
CR:
POSITION:
RESPIRATION:
ANATOMY:

A

AKA: Lawrence Method
WHY DONE: Trauma /Arm can’t abduct
CR: Perp entering MCP @ Surgical Neck
POSITION: Affect side to IR in neutral,
- unaffected arm raised above
- Unaffected side slightly anterior
RESPIRATION: Orthostatic
ANATOMY: Lateral view of proximal humerus
- glenohumeral joint w/o superimp. of the uninjured humerus.

37
Q

In Transthoracic Humerus, why orthostatic breathing?

What is done with the transthoracic projection?

What is done for possible distal humerus fractures?

Breathing instructions / why?

A

Blur ribs and lung markings

  • Ap humerus, neutral rotation

-Projection for distal humerus, elbow in lateral position against IR
- Suspend respiration to not move IR

38
Q

How many exposures (minimum) are required for the AP elbow acute flexion study?

How much is the elbow flexed for a trauma axial lateral projection (Coyle method) to demonstrate the coronoid process?

A

2

80*