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Procedures & Analysis > QA/QC > Flashcards

QA/QC Flashcards

1
Q
  1. QA Deals with:
  2. QC Deals with:
  3. QA stands for:
  4. QC Stands for:
A
  1. people
  2. equipment
  3. Quality Assurance
  4. Quality Control
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2
Q
  1. QA involves _______________________
  2. QA monitors ____________________
  3. QA responsibility belongs to _____________
  4. What is the Joint Commission’s 10-step quality assurance program?
A
  1. Assessment and evaluation of patient care
  2. patient scheduling, reception & preparation
  3. attention from all imaging staff but belongs to radiologist & imaging service management
  4. ensures health care organization will provide high-quality service & patient care
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3
Q
  1. QC involves _____________________
  2. What is essential in QC?
  3. New equipment should be ____________
    performed by _________
  4. Who is responsible for QC program?
A
  1. Set of activities designed to monitor & maintain systems that produce a product
  2. Documentation
  3. acceptance tested
    - someone other than manufacturer rep
  4. Medical Physicist with help from QC techs & radiologic engineers
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4
Q
  1. 3 steps to QC program are:
    • Describe each step:
      A.
      B.
      C.
A
  1. A. Acceptance Tested
    - preformed by someone other than manufact. rep. before clinically applied

B. Periodic Monitoring
- with use performance usually decreases, this is done to equipment periodically

C. Preventative Maintenance
- When periodic monitoring shows error, maintenance or repair is needed ( this step prevents need for repairs)

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5
Q
  1. Filtration measured in ______
    - Is it measured directly?
  2. Amount of filtration in general x-ray:
  3. What is filtration?
  4. What is X-Rays HVL?
    - Diagnostic Range?
A
  1. Half-Value Layer (HVL)
    • not possible to be measured directly
  2. 2.5 mm Al
  3. Reduction of number of low energy x-rays that dont contribute to image, (they only increase pt dose unnecessarily)
  4. Measurement of quality of xrays *
    *it is thickness of absorbing material (amount of filtration) needed to reduce intensity of xray to half original value
    • 3-5 mm Al in xray
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6
Q
  1. What is the minimum total filtration required for stationary (fixed) x-ray equipment?
  2. What is it for fluro?
  3. If the x-ray field & light field of collimator are misaligned, what can occur?
  4. What is PBL?
A
  1. Above 70 = 2.5 mm Al
    50-70 = 1.5 mm Al
    Below 50 = 0.5
  2. 2.5 mm Al
  3. Missed anatomy or unintended anatomy irradiated
  4. Positive Beam Limitation (automatic collimation)
    - doesnt allow field size exceed IR size
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7
Q
  1. Misalignment must not exceed ______
  2. What is the Penny Test?
  3. What tools measure the focal spot size?
  4. How often is it evaluated?
A
  1. 2% of SIDE
  2. Light field / xray congruency test
  3. Slit camera, pinhole camera & star pattern
  4. Annually or when equipment is replaced
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8
Q
  1. Centering must be accurate to ______
  2. _______ - standard measurement tool of effective focal spot
  3. Other focal spot size tool:
    • Which is limited? by what?
  4. What is effective focal spot?
A
  1. 1% of SIDE
  2. Slit Camera
  3. Pinhole Camera & Star Pattern
    - Star Pattern limited for focal-spot sizes less than .3mm
  4. Area projected onto patient and IR
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9
Q
  1. 40 SID misalignment must not exceed ____in
    • 72: ____in
  2. Small focal spot sizes used for ____ kvp
    • large focal spots used for ____ kvp because:
  3. Measured kVp should be within ______ of indicated
    • or _____
  4. kVP calibration tool:
    • How often checked
A

.8in
- 1.4in
2. smaller kvp / small extremities
- larger kvp/extremities because more heat generated at anode

  1. 10% indicated
    -OR +/- 4
  2. Digital kVp meter
    - annually or when replaced/fixed
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10
Q
  1. Exposure time responsible for ___ & _____
  2. Accuracy must be within _______ of ___________
  3. For AEC, if exposure time fails ________ should terminate exposure
  4. Above terminates at _____ or ____, whichever is first
A
  1. patient dose and image density
  2. within 5% of indicated time for exposures greater than 10ms
  3. Back-Up Timer
  4. 6s or 600 mAs
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11
Q
  1. ______ method used to check x-ray timer accuracy
    • operating on ______ or _______
  2. With above method, radiograph shows ____ for _________ during exposure time
  3. _________ used for three-phase equipment
    • displays as:
  4. Radiation intensity should not vary by more than ___
A
  1. spinning top
    - single phase half or full wave rectification
  2. DOT for each pulsation
  3. Sychronous spinning Top
    - Solid Arc
  4. +/- 5%
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12
Q
  1. Exposure Reproducibility Measures:
    - Done By Doing:
    - Variation Within:
  2. Exposure Linearity Measures:
    - Done By Doing:
    - Variation within:
  3. How often is protective apparel checked?
    - How?
  4. X-Ray Tube Rating Charts are used for:
    - 3 Main Charts:
A
  1. Consistency in output radiation intensity
    - same technical exposure factors repeatedly and seeing how it varies
    - 5% (use same technique over and over and it must not vary more than 5%)
  2. Ability of x-ray unit to produce constant, steady radiation output at a given mAs with varying mA x Time
    - Setting changed rom one mA to neighboring mA
    - Within 10% between adjacent mA stations ( mA & s is changed, mAs stays same / must not vary more than 10%)
  3. Annually
    - fluro’d or radiographed
  4. Guide Tech. in use of x-ray tubes (every tube has own)
    • Radiographic rating chart, anode cooling chart & housing cooling chart
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13
Q
  1. What do radiographic rating charts convey?
  2. Are they the same for every x-ray tube?
  3. How to tell on chart which are safe & unsafe?
  4. Unsafe exposures result in:
A
  1. which techniques are safe or unsafe for tube operation
  2. Vary for everyone based off tube characteristics
  3. Below line is safe, above curve is unsafe
  4. Tube may fail abruptly
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14
Q
  1. Anode Cooling Chart Determine: (2 things)
  2. Thermal Energy Measured in:
    • Formula:
  3. Housing Cooling Chart Determines: (2 things)
  4. Standard image test patterns in Digital Display QC are:
A
  1. Max heat capacity of anode / heat dissipation
    & length of time required for complete cooling after level of heat input
  2. Heat Units (HU) or Joules (J)
    - HU = kVp x mA x s
  3. SAME as anode cooling but for housing
  4. SMPTE Test & AAPM TG 18 Test
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15
Q
  1. What is maximum anode heat capacity?
  2. How long until anode cools completely?
  3. If an exam results in delivery of 50,000 HU to anode in matter of seconds, how long until anode cools completely?
A
  1. 350,000 (peak/highest point on chart)
  2. 15 min (lowest point on chart / where it goes to 0)
  3. 9 min
    (50,000 HU intersects anode cooling curve at 6min.
    - Min Time - Intersection = Cooling Complete Time
    - 15 - 6 = 9 )
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16
Q
  1. How often are visual evaluations done for medical display devices?
    - What is most common test to do this?
  2. What is luminance?
  3. How is luminance measured?
A
  1. regularly / monthly
    - SMPTE
  2. Intensity of light emitted by display (measure of brightness of a source)
  3. Directly with a photometer
17
Q
  1. SMPTE Developed by:
  2. SMPTE Function:
  3. AAPM TG 18 Developed by:
  4. AAPM Evaluates:
A
  1. Society of Motion Picture & Television Engineers
  2. Make Measurements of resolution of display systems (point out gross deviation in brightness)
  3. American Association of Physicist in Medicine
  4. Geometric Distortion
    - Luminance
    - Spatial Res
    - Noise
18
Q
  1. What is this image?
  2. Who is responsible for QC testing of digital display?
  3. TG 18-QC Test Pattern evaluates:
A
  1. SMPTE
  2. Medical Physicist or trained QC tech
  3. Geometric distortion, luminance and resolution
19
Q
  1. What is this image?
  2. What is each box showing?
A
  1. AAPM TG 18
    - BOX 1: GEOMETRIC DISTORT. Luminance & Resolution
    - Box 2: Luminance Response
    - Box 3: Resolution Evaluation
    - Box 4: Display Noise

Procedures & Analysis (14 decks)

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