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Procedures & Analysis > Chest & Abdomen Proc. > Flashcards

Chest & Abdomen Proc. Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Chest AKA ______
  2. Chest Lies Between:
  3. Divided Into:
A
  1. Thorax
  2. Abdomen & Neck
  3. Bony Thorax, Respiratory System & Mediastinum
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2
Q
  1. Bony Thorax Consist of:
  2. Upper Respiratory Consist of:
  3. Lower Respiratory Consist of:
A
  1. Sternum Anteriorly, Thoracic Vertabrae Posteriorly & 12 pairs of ribs ( 24 ribs total)
  2. Nose, Pharynx & Larynx
  3. Trachea, Bronchial Tree & Lungs
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3
Q
  1. _____ = throat, passage for air and food
  2. _____ = Voicebox, first official part of resp. system
    • Level ____ to ____
  3. ______ = Windpipe, Branches into R & L Bronchi
    • Begins at level ____
  4. _____ - Where divides into R & L
    • Level ______
A
  1. Pharynx
  2. Larynx
    - C3-C6
  3. Trachea
    • C6
  4. Carina
    • T4-T5
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4
Q
  1. Move air to and from alveoli: _____
  2. Which bronchus wider?
  3. Where are inhaled items usually lodged?
  4. _____ - exchange gases between lungs and blood
A
  1. Bronchi / Bronchioles
  2. RIGHT WIDER
  3. RIGHT
  4. Alveoli
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5
Q
  1. Type of disease causes damage to alveoli sacs, causing SOB (usually from smoking)
  2. Organs of respiration:
  3. How many lobes on each side?
  4. Division of lungs:
A
  1. Emphysema
  2. Lungs
  3. R Lung = 3 lobes, L = 2 lobes
  4. Bronchi -> Bronchioles -> Alveoli
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6
Q
  1. What is pleura?
  2. Layers of pluera:
  3. What is pnuemothorax?
  4. What is pleural effusion?
  5. What is hemothorax?
A
  1. Double layer membrane in each lung
  2. Parietal (outer)
    - Visceral (inner)
    - Pleural Cavity (space between)
  3. Air/gas present in pleural cavity / collapse lung occurs
  4. Fluid in pleural cavity
  5. Blood in pleural cavity
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7
Q
  1. Divisions of lungs:
    A.
    B.
    C.
    D.
    E.
A

A. Apex - upper area above clavicles
B. Base - lower portion above diaphragm
C. Costophrenic Angle - extreme outermost corner each lung, ribs meet diaphragm
D. Hilum - Center area where bronchi, blood vessels lymph & nerves enter/leave lungs
E. Cardia Notch - Concavity inferior surface of left lung, shapes heart

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8
Q
  1. Primary muscle inspiration:
    - During inspiration:
    - Expiration:
  2. What is mediastinum?
  3. What does it contain?
  4. What is pericardium?
A
  1. Diaphragm
    - Inspiration = INCREASE amount air volume in cavity, Muscle CONTRACTS
    - Expiration = Muscle RELAXES, decrease air volume
  2. Central portion of chest BETWEEN lungs
  3. Thymus Gland, Heart, Great Vessels, Trachea, Esophagus
    ( T.H.E.V.T)
  4. Double layer sac encloses heart and roots
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9
Q

CHEST X-RAY
1. SID / Why:
2. Why done Erect?

3.Respiration for Chest X-Rays:
4. When is inspiration & Expiration done for chest?

A
  1. 72
    - Reduce heart magnification
  2. Diaphragm moves down farther, air-fluid levels seen & prevent engorgement of pulmonary vessels
  3. SECOND FULL Inspiration
  4. Pnuemothorax
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10
Q
  1. What Body Shape is imaged LEFT to RIGHT:
  2. Why is this important?
A
  1. Hyper
    Sthenic
    Hypo
    Asthenic
  2. Body habitus determines shape, position and movement of internal organs
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11
Q
  1. What level is:
    - Jugular Notch:
    - Sternal Angle:
    - Midway btwn Jugular Notch & Xiphoid Tip:
    - Xiphoid Process:
  2. How to find T7:
    - Anteriorly
    - Posteriorly
A
  1. JM = T2-T3
    - SA = T4-T5
    - T7
    - XP = T9-T10
  2. Ant: 3-4 in inferior jug notch
    - midway btwn jug notch & xiphoid
  • Post 7-8in below C&
    • inferior angle of scapula sits at T7
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12
Q

PA Chest X-Ray:
CR
IR
Anatomy:

A
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13
Q

Lateral Chest X-Ray:
CR
IR
Anatomy

A
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14
Q
  1. Why is AP Supine Chest Xray done?
    - AKA
  2. How is IR positioned?
  3. CR for supine cxr:
  4. Anatomy seen:
A
  1. bedside portable / patient cant stand
  2. 1.5 in above shoulders
  3. CAUDAD to be perpendicular to long axis of sternum @ T7
  4. Anatomy (image)
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15
Q
  1. What is required for air-fluid levels to be seen on cxr?
    • Optimal projections:
  2. Why are oblique chests done?
  3. What is the obliquity for routine?
    • Cardiac?
  4. CR & Respiration for PA oblique cxr?
    - IR position
A
  1. Horizontal CR & Erect position
    - PA Erect or Decubitus
  2. Pathology of lungs, Determine size/contour of heart
  3. 45*
    - 55-60*
  4. See Image
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16
Q
  1. What are the PA Oblique Chests
  2. PA Anatomy Shown?
  3. What is different for AP Oblique chests?
A
  1. RAO & LAO
  2. See Image
  3. Positioning all same except RPO & LPO
    & Anatomy Seen
17
Q
  1. AP Oblique anatomy shows:
  2. In Chest Obliques,
    ____ & _____ = Right Lung
    _____ & ______ = Left Lung
  3. AP shows _____ side
    PA Shows _____ side
A
  1. Image
  2. RPO & LAO
    - LPO & RAO
  3. PA AWAY
    - AP shows side closest IR
    - PA shows side AWAY IR
18
Q
  1. AP Lordotic Chest
    - Why preformed
    - Patient Position
    - CR
    - IR Position
    -Anatomy:
A

See Image

Anatomy:
- Apices of the lungs free from superimposition by the clavicles
- Clavicles should appear nearly horizontal and above apices
- Ribs appear distorted, with posterior ribs appearing nearly horizontal

19
Q
  1. Alternative to AP Lordotic:
    - Why Done
    - CR:
  2. Which chest projections/positions is recommended to detect calcifications within the upper lung
    region beneath the clavicles?
  3. A patient with a history of pleurisy comes to radiology department. Which series should be performed?
A
  1. See Image
  2. AP LORDOTIC
  3. Erect PA & Lateral
20
Q
  1. A patient with a history of pulmonary edema comes to the radiology department and is unable to stand. The physician suspects fluid in the left lung. Which specific projection should be used to confirm this diagnosis?
  2. Which of the following conditions is characterized by
    “flattening” of the hemidiaphragms?
  3. Which Chest Decubitus is seen?
A
  1. Left Lateral Decubitus
  2. Emphysema
  3. RIGHT LATERAL - can tell by heart on left side is up or by marker on image
21
Q
  1. Why is R or L lateral decubitus CXR performed?
  2. How is patient positioned?
  3. IR postion:
  4. CR:
  5. Patient Position:
22
Q
  1. What is anatomy seen on R or L decubitus CXR
23
Q
  1. Muscles of the abdomen:
  2. Organs of digestive tract:
  3. Accessory Organs:
A
  1. Diaphragm & 2 Psaos Muscles
  2. Oral Cavity
    Pharynx
    Esophagus
    Stomach
    Small Intestine
    Large Intestine
    (Our puppy eats so strange lately)
  3. Accessory:
    Liver
    Gallbladder
    Spleen
    Pancreases
    (AHHH - PLS G)
24
Q
  1. Quadrants vs Regions
  2. What are the four quadrants & What is in them:
A
  1. Quadrants = healtchare
    Regions = anatomical studies
  2. RUQ: L.G. S&L
    LUQ: S.S. L
    RLQ: C.A. S
    LLQ: TLI
25
Q
  1. What are divisions of small intestine?
  2. Large intestine?
  3. What is perioneum?
    - layers:
  4. What is retroperitoneum?
A
  1. Small = Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum & Ileoceal Valve
  2. Ascending colon - > R. Colic (Hepatic) Flexure -? Transverse Colon -> L. Colic (Splenic) Flexure -> Descending Colon -> Sigmoid Colon
  3. Double-Walled Sac of Abdomen
    - Parietal (Closer/outter)
    - Visceral (Inner)
    - Cavity: Between
  4. Cavity behind peritoneum, houses kidney and pancreas
26
Q
  1. What is ascites?
  2. Pnuemoperitoneum?
  3. Where are kidneys and pancreas located?
A
  1. Accumulation fluid in peritoneal cavity
  2. Free air of fas in peritoneal cavity
  3. Retroperitoneum
27
Q

Location of:
1. Xiphoid Process:
2. Inferior Costal Margin:
3. Illiac Crest:
4. ASIS:
5. Greater Trochanter:
6. Pubis Symohaysis
7. Ischial Tuberosity

28
Q
  1. When is upright PA Abdomen preferred?
  2. Why PA abdomen?
  3. Why prone position for abdomen?
  4. Respiration for abdomen?
  5. Exposure time?
A
  1. Upright when kidneys not ROI
  2. Reduce gonadal dose
  3. Compression / reduces part thickness
  4. Expiration
  5. Short exposure time reduce motion
29
Q

Abdome KUB
CR:
Respiration:
Anatomy:

30
Q

AP Erect Abdomen
- Why done
- CR
- Position
- Anatomy

31
Q
  1. What is imaged?
  2. What is the preferred length of time a patient should lie on his or her side prior to a lateral decubitus projection?
  3. To include the diaphragm on upright positions, AP projections of the abdomen, the central ray is centered to:
  4. Which might be used to demonstrate a pneumoperitoneum?
A
  1. Free intraperitoneal air under right hemidiaphragm
  2. 10-20 min
  3. 2in above crest
  4. Upright, AP projection
    Left lateral decubitus
    Dorsal decubitus
32
Q

Lateral Decubitus - Abdomen
- When Done
- Patient Position
- Respiration
-IR Position
- CR:

A

CR: Horizontal & Perp. 2 in above crest

33
Q

Lateral Decubitus - Abdomen Anatomy

34
Q

Dorsal Decubitus - Abdomen
- When Done
- IR Position
- Patient Position
-CR
- Respiration
- Marker

35
Q
  1. What is imaged:
  2. Anatomy in Dorsal Abdomen Decub.
A
  1. Abdominal Aortic Aneurism
  2. See Image:

Procedures & Analysis (14 decks)

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