Written questions Flashcards
Just in Time manufacturing
manufacturers respond to market needs as the need arises. In this model, goods are made to order when requested.
Advantages: low waste, lower costs because there is no inventory
Disadvantages: great risk of delays, cannot advantage from economies of scale
Just in case manufacturing
manufacturers focus on creating products in anticipation of market demand. Their goal is to reduce costs by taking advantage of economies of scale.
Advantages: higher reliability of parts, ability to respond to market demand
Disadvantages: large inventory management higher costs due to space, higher wasteage
What is craft production?
Small-scale production process centred on manual skills. Custom designed products.
- Highly specialized and customizable, but is time consuming and has high costs
What is mechanized production?
A volume production process involving machines controlled by humans.
- Increased their productivity, quality, and safety, but increased costs and low customization.
What is automated production?
A volume production process involving machines controlled by computers. (CAD, CAM, and CNC)
- Higher quality and productivity, but high cost of equipment
What is assembly line production?
Products are moved along a conveyor, components are added until the final product is assembled.
- Increased production and profit, but limited customization, expensive and dependent on part supply.
Mass production vs Mass customization production
Mass production: the production of large amounts of standardized products on production lines.
Mass customization: sophisticated Computer integrated manufacturing system that manufactures products to individual customer orders.
What is Computer Numerical Control (CNC)?
Manufacturing complex parts in metals and other materials, use of CAD. Machines are controlled by a program called a “G code”.
- Highly accurate and customizable, high-cost equipment and training
Why must designers consider the environment?
The manufacture, distribution, use, and end-of-life of your product is an important responsibility. We are working with a limited quantity of resources and have to design in a sustainable manner.
What are the different manufacturing processes?
- Additive Manufacturing: Materials are added together to create a product or component
- Subtractive Manufacturing: Material is cut away to create a product or component
- Shaping Techniques: Methods that modify the shape of the material using heat, pressure, and other mechanical manipulation.
- Joining Techniques: Methods that join two materials together
What is market research?
Market research helps the designer build an understanding of the market and users, aims to develop the best possible solution.
Literature search vs product analysis
LS: the research and review of scholarly articles, newspaper, magazines, books, etc
PA: Analysis of existing products in order to compare and determine physical aspects, function and manufacture
Expert appraisal vs User trial
EA: An expert gives feedback on a design.
UT: observation the product’s users to collect their opinion.
User research vs Perceptual Mapping
UR: This is the collection of users’ opinions through surveys and questionnaires.
PM: diagram that shows customers’ perceptions or aspects of that product. This diagram is created by first interviewing or surveying customers.
What are product families and what are they for?
A collection of products with a common classification. To appeal to a broad range of target users. (if a product is successful in a market, the manufacturer may extend the range of products to capture a large portion of the market)
