Written exam

Question 1

Topics of Anatomy;

2S ReDePaMi

Answer 1

1. Regional: area and area
2. Systemic: system
3. Surface : X-ray
4. Developmental: embyo
5. Pathology: disease
6. Medical imaging

Question 2

Topics of physiology;

CeNePE

Answer 2

• Cell physiology function of cells
• Neuro physiology
• pathology
  exercise physiology = body function

Question 3

describe Body Systems;

P. 7

Answer 3

• integumentary
• skeletal
• muscular
• lymphatic
• respiratory
• digestive
• nervous
• endocrine
• cardiovascular
• urinary
• female reproductive
• male reproductive

Question 4

Integumentary system =

Answer 4

provides protection 
regulates temperature 
prevents water loss
produce vitamin D
consists of = skin, nails, hair, sweat glands

Question 5

skeletal system =

Answer 5

provides protection and support
body movements
produces blood cells
stores minerals and fat
consists of = bones, cartilages, ligaments and joints

Question 6

muscular system =

Answer 6

produce body movements
maintains posture
produces body heat
consists of = muscles attached to the skeleton by tendons

Question 7

lymphatic system =

Answer 7

removes foreign substances from the blood and lymph
combats disease
maintains tissue fluid balance
absorbs fats from the digestive tract
consists of = lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, lymphatic organs

Question 8

respiratory system =

Answer 8

exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and air
regulates blood pH
consists of lungs, respiratory passages

Question 9

digestive system =

Answer 9

mechanical and chemical process of digestion
absorption of nutrients
elimination of wastes
consists of = mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, and accessory organs

Question 10

nervous system =

Answer 10

a major regulatory system
detects sensations
controls movements, physiological processes, intellectual functions
consists of = brain, spinal cord, nerves, sensory receptors

Question 11

endocrine system =

Answer 11

a major regulatory system that influences: metabolism, growth, reproduction, other functions
consists of = glands, pituitary glands secrete hormones

Question 12

cardiovascular system =

Answer 12

transport nutrients, wastes, gases, hormones throughout the body
role in the immune response
regulation of body temperature
consists of the heart, blood vessels, blood

Question 13

urinary system =

Answer 13

removes waste products from the blood
regulates blood pH, ion balance, water balance.
consists of = kidneys, urinary bladder, ducts that carry urine

Question 14

female reproductive system =

Answer 14

produces oocytes
site of fertilization and fetal development
produces milk for the newborn
priduces hormones that influence sexual function and behaviors
consists of = ovaries, vagina, uterus, mammary glands, uterine tube

Question 15

male reproductive system =

Answer 15

produces and transfer sperm cells
produces hormones that influence sexual functions and behaviors
consists of = testis, epididymis, seminal vesicle, prostate gland, ducts, penis

Question 16

covalent bond =

Answer 16

when electrons are shared between the nuclei because the electrons are equally attracted to each other. atoms share one or more pair of electrons.

Question 17

ionic bonding =

Answer 17

atom donate or lose electrons to other atoms. number of protons and electrons are no longer equal, charged particle “ion” formed.
A sodium atom Na can lose an electron to become positively charged sodium ion Na+. A chlorine atom Cl can accept an electron to become a negatively charged chloride ion Cl-

Question 18

single covalent bond=

Answer 18

H-H

sharing of 1 pair of electrons by 2 atoms

Question 19

double covalent bond=

Answer 19

O=C=O

2 atoms share 4 electrons, 2 from each atom

Question 20

anabolism=

Answer 20

all synthesis reactions; dehydration

growth, maintenance, repair of the body

Question 21

catabolism=

ex. breakdown disaccharide into glucose molecules

Answer 21

reverse of synthesis reaction; hydrolysis

decomposition, digestion (intestine and within cells), breakdown of fat stores, foreign matter

Question 22

metabolism=

Answer 22

all of anabolic and catabolic reactions in the body

Question 23

isotopes=

Answer 23

same element differ in the number of neutrons
- 3 types of hydrogen:
Hydrogen (1H), Deuterium (2H), Tritium (3H)

Question 24

atomic mass=

Answer 24

average mass of naturally occurring isotopes

Question 25

mass number - atomic number =

Answer 25

= number of neutrons

Question 26

atomic number=

Answer 26

= number of protons = number of electrons

Question 27

mass number=

Answer 27

= number of protons + number of neutrons

Question 28

atomic structure:

Answer 28

subatomic particles:

• neutrons= no electrical charge
• protons= positive charge
• electrons= negative charge / cloud

Question 29

nucleus;

Answer 29

formed by protons and neutrons

most of atom’s volume is by electrons

Question 30

pH scale=

Answer 30

hydrogen ion (H+) concentration in a solution
0 to 14

Question 31

neutral solution=

Answer 31

equal concentration of H+ and Hydroxide ion OH-

water=pH 7

Question 32

less than 7=

Answer 32

acidic: greater concentration of H+

Question 33

greater than 7=

Answer 33

alkaline/basic: fewer H+ than OH-(hydroxide)

Question 34

pH in human blood=

Answer 34

7.35 to 7.45
below 7.35=acidosis
above 7.45=alkalosis

Question 35

buffers=

Answer 35

are chemicals resist change in pH

H+ bind to the buffer

Question 36

buffers composed of=

Answer 36

bicarbonate
phosphates
amino acids
proteins