Chap 5 integmentary Flashcards
1
Q
integumentary system component:
A
epidermis
dermis
hair
cutaneous glands
2
Q
genetic lack of melanin production is called:
A
=albinism
3
Q
skin color is determined by:
A
amount of melanin
x (not-number of melanocytes)
4
Q
function of integumentary system
A
temperature regulation sensory reception vitamin D production protection excretion
5
Q
2 skin glands:
A
sebaceous
sweat
6
Q
accessory skin structures:
A
hair
nails
sweat glands
7
Q
tissue of epidermis;
A
stratified squamous epithelium
8
Q
skin restrict the movement of water from body, and help prevention of dehydration:
A
- cells of the stratum corneum are filled with waxy protein=keratin
- skin has many layers of cells
- intercellular spaces of the epidermis are filled with lipids=non-polar hydrophobic
9
Q
karatinocyte stem cells of the stratum basale undergo mitotic divisions every 19 days =
A
fastest cell division
10
Q
why skin gets reddish after exercise?
A
- arterioles of the dermis dilated increasing blood flow to the skin
- blood flow to dermis increases to remove excess heat from the core
11
Q
2nd degree burn=
A
red, swollen, hot, blisters
dermis
painful
increased risk of infection
12
Q
3rd degree burn=
A
grey, white, charred
Hypodermis=full depth/thickness
no-pain
high risk of infection
13
Q
body obtain vitamin-D through;
A
- exposure to UV radiation
- ingestion of certain food=egg yolk
14
Q
most superficial layer of epidermis that is composed of 25 dead keratinized cells;
A
stratum corneum
15
Q
nails function;
A
protect fingers and toes
16
Q
eccrine/merocrine glands produce sweat to;
A
- empty on to surface of skin (palms, soles)
- evaporative cooling of the body
- waste elimination
17
Q
resist abrasion;
A
keratinocytes
18
Q
protect against microorganisms;
A
Langerhans cells
19
Q
protect against UV radiation;
A
melanocytes
20
Q
excreting wastes;
A
sweat glands
21
Q
friction or pressure to the skin increased the number of layers in the stratum corneum produce a thickened area called;
A
callus
22
Q
skin’s features to help protect body from microorganisms;
A
- components of immune system
- secretions of sebaceous glands
- stratified epithelial tissue
23
Q
skin prevents;
A
dehydration
24
Q
substances excreted through skin;
A
ammonia
urea
uric acid
25
the bump underneath the epidermis is;
papilla
26
dermis is primarily comprised of ;
connective tissue
27
properties that help skin prevent microorganisms and foreign substances from entering the body;
- lack of blood vessels limits access
- secretions from skin glands
- multiple layers of dead cells
28
keratinocytes;
reduce water loss
protein 'keratin' makes cells durable
resist abrasion
29
melanocytes;
skin color
30
langerhans cells;
part of immune system
31
merkel cells;
epidermal cells associated with the nerve endings, detect light touch and superficial pressure
32
cerumen and hair in the ear protect:
tympanic membrane
33
skin does not excrete;
GLUCOSE
34
features of skin to reduce water loss;
- many epidermal and dermal layers
- keratin-filled cells of epidermis
- multiple layers of dead skin cells in stratum corneum
- epidermal lipids
35
2 layer of dermis:
- papillary (superficial)
| - reticular (deep)
36
subcutaneous tissue is composed of;
- loose connective tissue
| - adipose tissue
37
most superficial layer of dermis and composed of loose connective tissue is;
papillary layer
38
receptors dermis contains;
touch
pain
variations in temperature
changes in pressure
39
only in stratum basale;
- melanin is produced
- cells are bound to the basement membrane with hemidesmosomes
- keratinocytes of the stratum basal have the highest rate of mitotic division than any other layer of epidermis
40
thermal insulation is in;
subcutaneous tissue = hypodermis
41
function of subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis) =
- storage of energy (lipids)
| - insulation and padding
42
stratified squamous epithelium tissue is in;
epidermis
43
loose connective and dense irregular tissue is in;
dermis
44
loose connective with collagen and elastic fibers, and adipose tissue is in;
subcutaneous tissue / hypodermis.
45
glands located on the palm and most other ares of the body are;
eccrine sweat glands
46
structural strength of the skin is responsibility of ;
dermis
47
hair growth cycle;
- growth stage
| - resting stage
48
function of vitamin D
- stimulate uptake of calcium and phosphate from intestines
- reduce calcium loss from the kidneys
- promote calcium phosphate release from bones
49
subcutaneous tissue is composed of;
adipose tissue
| loose connective tissue
50
epidermis does not;
does not insulate (no-adipose) and regulate temperature (no-vessels)
51
hair color is influenced by;
melanin deposition
melanocyte activity
genetics
52
inside hair bulb is a mass of undifferentiated epithelial calls;
matrix = produce the hair and internal root sheath
53
epidermal is composed of;
keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
54
subcutaneous tissue is composed of;
- loose connective tissue
| - adipose tissue
55
epidermis which produces new keratinocytes and melanin is:
stratum basale
56
keratin=protein associated with the skin, is produced by;
keratinocytes
| keratinocytes are abundant in epidermis
57
sweat excretes;
- urea
- ammonia
- salts
58
dermis contains receptors that detect;
- changes in pressure
- touch
- variations in temperature
- pain
59
vesicle that contain melanin are:
melanosomes (=vesicle)
| x (melanin=cell)
60
subcutaneous tissue attaches to;
underlying bone and muscle
61
dermis components;
- blood vessels
- fibers
- nerve fibers
- glands
62
Keratin – what is it? (P144¬es)
Produced by Keratinocytes (cell).
| Keratinization = cells die and produce outer layer that resists abrasion and forms permeability layer.
63
melanin
= pigments for skin, hair, eye color
64
melanocyte
Golgi of melanocyte package melanin into vesicles; melanosomes.
Keratinocytes phagocytize the tips of the melanocyte.
65
blue tint of skin, nail, fingertips. Condition of not having enough oxygen in blood; impaired cardiovascular or respiratory function.
= Cyanosis
66
jaundice
yellowish sin color when excess bile pigments accumulate in blood. liver disease.
67
hair has 3 concentric layers;
1. medulla (CEBTRAL AXIS)
2. cortex
3. cuticle (surface)
68
Hair shaft and root;
shaft=above skin surface
| root=below, base forms hair bulb
69
Hair growth;
- cycles - growth and resting
| - hair loss - pattern bolding
70
Arrector pili =
muscle contraction causes hair to stand
71
sebaceous gland (oily lubricant) and apocrine sweat gland empty into;
hair follicle
apocrine=found in axillae(armpit), genitalia, anus
72
merocrine/eccrine sweat gland empty onto;
surface of the skin
73
vitamin D
- stimulate uptake of calcium and phosphate form intestine
- promote release from bones
- reduce calcium loss from kidneys
74
V-D stnthesis;
begins in exposure to ultraviolet, or ingested; fish liuver, egg yolks, dairy products, supplements.
75
skin ages;
| sunlight ages skin rapidly
- skin easily damaged; epidermis thins, collagen in dermis decreases, repair occurs slower, decrease number of elastic fibers, loss of adipose tissue from subcutaneous tissue.
- become drier; decreased sebaceos gland activity, sweat glands, blood supply, regulate body temp = heat exhaustion
- melanocytes function decreases, but face and hands produce age spots. white or gray hair.
76
dermatitis=
itchy, pink rash.
- contact dermatitis
- allergic reaction
- atopic
77
Burn degree;
- 1st: epidermis – redness, pain, swell(edema)
- 2nd : dermis – redness, pain, swell(edema), blister
- 3rd: Hypodermis/full thickness – no pain, white, tan, dark
78
cancer ABCDE
```
A-asymmetry
B-border irregularity
C-color not uiform
D-diameter greater than 6 mm (size of pencil eraser)
E-evolving size
```
79
burn degree;
* 1st: epidermis – redness, pain, swell(edema)
* 2nd : dermis – redness, pain, swell(edema), blister
* 3rd: Hypodermis/full thickness – no pain, white, tan, dark
80
Dermatitis;
Itchy pink rash
- contact dermatitis
- allergic reaction
- atopic
81
Cyanosis =
Blue tint of skin , nail, fingertips, not having enough oxygen in blood
82
Sweat glands;
- apocrine gland empty into hair follicle - found in axillae, genitalia, anus
- eccrine/merocrine gland empty into surface of the skin
83
Vitamin C is necessary for;
Collagen synthesis / connective tissue by osteoblasts.
| Deficiency=rickets
