Writing/Dysgraphia

Question 1

Deep Dysgraphia

Answer 1

aka Central Dysgraphia

Impairment in SS or input to GOL

semantic errors during writing to dictation

may or may not make semantic errors when reading aloud

concrete/content words are easier to write than abstract/functor words

identify this with written spelling task

Question 2

Central Dysgraphia

Answer 2

Problem at GOL

inability to write names of target pictures

good oral naming abilities & good written spelling

usually get initial part of word correct

no distinction between regular & irregular words

Question 3

Surface Dysgraphia

Answer 3

breakdown between SS–>GOL

pt unable to retrieve once familiar spellings from GOL

cannot spell homophones (because context cannot be used to disambiguate words)

can spell regular and non words but not irregular words

since PGC is intact, they can accurately spell nonwords/regular words

Question 4

Peripheral Dysgraphia

Answer 4

Breakdown at GL

Problem with motor grapheme level impairment

Know the word, but cannot come up with right letters

spelling errors (additions, deletions, substitutions)

intact copying of letters

errors across all word positions

Question 5

Allograph level impairment

Answer 5

letter substitutions of visually similar letters for real words and non words (bump–>bumd)

impairment in selection of right letter

Question 6

Phonological Dysgraphia

Answer 6

Impairment in PGC

able to write regular and irregular words but unable to write non words

problem lies in spelling

able to repeat non words & even sometimes read them