Psycholinguistic Boxes Flashcards
Speech Output Lexicon
Translates concepts of semantic representations into a code used at the phoneme level
Conceptual phonology of a word
Well on homophobe matching means you have access to phonology
Semantic representations –> phonemes
Access to words from semantic system determined by frequency
Activated if reading aloud
Storage for memory of the pronunciation of words
Breakdown in SOL
Tip of the Tongue Phenemonon
Paraphasias (semantic & phonemic)
Phoneme Level
knowing the phonemes and preparing motor execution
Individual distinctive speech sounds represented here
Guides speech production
Breakdown in PL
potential verbal apraxia
Visual Analysis System
“Letter recognizers”
Screens & identifies letters as familiar
Identifies component letters of words & notes their position within a word
Breakdown in VAS
Neglect dyslexia
Letter by letter reading
Visual Input Lexicon
Receives input from VAS and decides if it is a word or not
Knows you have seen the word before
Activates stored representations of meanings in semantic system
Semantic System
store house for words & their meanings
Breakdown in Semantic System
Surface dyslexia: if person has trouble understanding spoken and written words
Deep Dyslexia
Semantic Access Dyslexia
Direct Dyslexia
Grapheme to Phoneme Conversion
Translates familiar strings into phoneme strings
Always used for nonwords or regular words
IS NOT USED FOR IRREGULAR WORDS
GPC route to reading is more laborious, used for unskilled readers/dyslexics
Breakdown in GPC
Phonological Dyslexia
Deep Dyslexia
Auditory Analysis System
Distinguish between speech & non-speech
Main job=extract acousic information & match it with specific phonemes
Distinctive features & stored representations of phonemes
Just phonetic information
Breakdown in AAS
Pure word deafness
Unable to discriminate between real sounds & speech sounds
Cannot repeat or understand speech, not able to produce ANY words
Despite normal hearing, cannot discriminate acoustic signal of speech sounds
??speed of processing of the acoustic signal
Bilateral Temporal Lobe Lesion
AAS -> PL link
Pathway used for repetition of nonwords & unfamiliar words
No meaning attached to these words
Breakdown in AAS –> PL link
Auditory Phonological Agnosia
Acoustic to phoneme conversion pathway is impaired
Poor repetition of non words
auditory lexical decision task is normal, no issue with real words because they can go through the semantic route
can’t segment sounds from speech words
Problem=can never learn new words!!!!
Auditory Input Lexicon
AIL=phonological input buffer + phonological input lexicon
stage in between identifying phonemes & accessing meaning
Matches acoustic waveform to the stored representation (recognizes familiar spoken words)
Still phoneme string but this where you decide if it is a word or not
But no meaning here
From AIL, can either go to:
1) SS (if it is a known word)
2) SOL (can repeat word without accessing its’ meaning)
Breakdown in AIL
Word meaning deafness
rare
difficulty only in understanding meaning of spoken words
Pt CAN still repeat spoken words/sentences (real & non words), but they just don’t understand it (because they end up just applying sublexical, bypass route) but don’t get to meaning because lesion is before SS
Intact reading comprehension
Intact spontaneous speech (so, SOL intact)
Intact writing to dictation, but they are MIS-SPELLING words because they are writing it as they hear it, words will be spelled phonetically)
Good repetition of words & non words
AIL –> SS link
Allows heard words which have been recognized as familiar to access their meanings from the semantic system
Breakdown in AIL –> SS & AIL–>PL link
Semantic Access Dysphasia/Category
deep deficit: both routes to word are impaired (sublexical route and between word recognition and word understanding)
Specific Auditory Comprehension deficit (difficulty comprehending names of inanimate objects)
category specific breakdowns
advantage for concrete words (if not completely impaired)
impaired function words
unable to repeat nonsense words, too (because sublexical route is impaired!!)
Grapheme Output Lexicon
storehouse of orthographic representations that have been previously encountered
written version of SOL
abstract representation of sequence, not all or nothing
From GOL you get the abstract representation of the sequence (this is an all or nothing event)
Breakdown in GOL
Central Dysgraphia
Able to spell orally, but cannot write names of target pictures
Good oral naming abilities & good written spelling
Usually get initial part of word correct
There is no distinction between regular &irregular words
Surface Dysgraphia
Pt unable to retrieve once familiar spellings from GOL, can’t spell homophones
Can spell regular words and non words (PGB intact) but not irregular words
Grapheme Level
abstract description of each of the letters used in English
Know exactly where letters are and where they are supposed to go
Breakdown at GL
Peripheral dysgraphias
Know correct # of letters you need, but pick wrong letters
Graphomotor Patterns
letters represented as hand movements necessary to create allographs
