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Writing Flashcards

1
Q

juvenescent

A

youth young

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2
Q

on the rise

A

increase

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3
Q

aggression

A

violence

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4
Q

social bias

A

social discrimination

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5
Q

paucity of

dearth of

A

lack of

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6
Q

stifle
curb
constrain
restrict

A

limit

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7
Q

capital punishment

corporal punishment

A

اعدام

تنبیه فیزیکی

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8
Q

curricular

curriculum

A

مرتبط با برنامه درسی

برنامه درسی

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9
Q

council

counsel | consult

A

انجمن

مشورت کردن

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10
Q

preservation

conservation

A

نگهداری

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11
Q

flout
violate
breach (the norms/of peace /of contract / of trust)

A

زیر پا گذاشتن

  • He floated the conventions of his society.
  • This act violates the terms of the treaty.
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12
Q

dire consequences

A

عواقب ناگوار

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13
Q 
truancy
ditch
abandon
evade
absenteeism
A

not going to school

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14
Q

are of the mind

are of the opinion

A

بر این باورند

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15
Q

didactic

A

educational

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16
Q 
contentious matter
argumentative
debatable
quarrelsome
disputable
controversial
A

موضوع جنجال برانگیز

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17
Q

subscribe to something

A

claim at
assert that
presume
assume

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18
Q

followed my own opinion

A

به همراه نظر من

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19
Q

sabbatical

A

مرخصی طولانی

The American worker needs a sabbatical

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20
Q

lagging behind

A

عقب افتادن یک چیزی

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21
Q

merit /demerit

A

advantage/ disadvantage

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22
Q

following sth (following causes)
upcoming sth
forthcoming
next

A

..

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23
Q 
drawback
pernicious effect
deleterious effect
downside
pitfall
A

negative effects

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24
Q

implementation

A

اجرا

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25
Q

outweigh

A

غلبه کردن

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26
Q

people from all walks of life

A

مردم از هر قشری

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27
Q

require

A

ضروری بایستن

نیاز داشتن

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28
Q

justifiable

A

موجه

there is no justifiable reason for this issue

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29
Q

enthralling

A

هیجان انگیز

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30
Q

saver

A

enjoy

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31
Q

analogy
similar
identical

A

30%
70%
90%

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32
Q

unequivocal

A

clear
obvious
vivid

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33
Q

commodity

A

merchandise
product
goods

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34
Q

merchant

A

تاجر

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35
Q

sth is derived from
sth originates from
sth stems partly from

A

نشات میگیرد از

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36
Q 
firstly
first and foremost
primarily
initially 
to begin with
to commence
A

اولین

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37
Q

related to this issue
associated with this issue
affiliated with this issue
concerning this issue

A

در رابطه با این موضوع

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38
Q

as an example
this is illustrated by the fact that
as an epitome
take ….. as an example

A

به عنوان مثال

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39
Q

penetrate

penetration

A

نفوذ کردن

نفوذ

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40
Q

counterpart

peer

A

همتا

a peer group

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41
Q

truancy

play truant

A

غیبت
غیبت کردن
skip class

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42
Q

intend
tendency
attend

A

قصد داشتن want
تمایل داشتن
حضور داشتن

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43
Q

sth that could account for

A

به شمار میاد

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44
Q

financial strains

A

فشارهای اقتصادی

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45
Q

families are dual-income

A

خانواده ها دو درآمدی هستند

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46
Q

offspring

A

kids

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47
Q 
furthermore
moreover
in addition
additionally
besides
whats is more,
A

علاوه بر این ،

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48
Q

morose

moroseness

A

گوشه گیر

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49
Q

bring about
lead to
give rise to

A

Inactivity leads to irresponsibility.

I love anything that brings about positive change.

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50
Q

prospect

A

چشم انداز

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51
Q 
compel
force
constrain
oblige
enforce
A

مجبور کردن

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52
Q

prospect

anticipate

A

چشم انداز

انتظار داشتن

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53
Q

seek to [sought]

A

تلاش کردن

طلب کردن

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54
Q

opponents

advocate
advocates

A

چون فعله ادووکِیت خونده میشه] دفاع کردن]
چون اسمه ادووکتس خونده میشه] مدافعان]
proponents
exponents

favor : طرفداری کردن

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55
Q

put surveillance on sth

A

تحت نظارت قرار دادن

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56
Q

state
establishment
the authorities
people involved

A

government

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57
Q

provided
providing
supposing
as long as

A

if

provided I had money I would go to vegas

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58
Q

the stigma attached to it

A

لکه ننگ این مسئله

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59
Q

cooperate

collaborate

A

همکاری کردن

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60
Q

it should be given priority

it should be prioritized

A

باید اولویت داده بشه

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61
Q

abhor
detest
loath
hate

A

hate فعل

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62
Q 
hatred
aversion
repulsion
disgust
abhorrence
A

(تنفر(اسم

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63
Q

my hatred towards somebody

A

I hate somebody

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64
Q 
conspicuous   (conspicuousness)
noticeable
remarkable
significant
noteworthy
notable
considerable 
striking
A

قابل توجه

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65
Q

fluctuate (v)
fluctuant (adj)
fluctuation (n)

A

نوسان داشتن

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66
Q

bottom out

A

minimom

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67
Q

upward trend

downward trend

A

روند روبه بالا و پایین

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68
Q

stabilize
level off
reach a plateau

A

ثبات داشتن

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69
Q 
experience
witness
face
observe
see
A

وقتی گراف یک چیزی را تجربه می کند

70
Q

expenditure

A

خرج و مخارج

71
Q

utilized

A

استفاده شده

72
Q

lay egg

spawn

A

تخم گزاری

تخم گزاری ماهی

73
Q 
require
entail
comprise
involve
contain
encompass
compass
include
A

تشکیل شدن
شامل شدن
this process requires 2 steps

74
Q

species

breed

75
Q 
segregate (into) جدا شدن
dispart (into)
separate
divide (into)  تقسیم شدن
A

segregated school # mixed school

76
Q

including 1 2 3

A

1 2 3 شاملِ

77
Q

belonging (to)

A

که تعلق دارد به

78
Q

application of

A

ِِکابری

79
Q

undergo a change

A

تغییر کرد

80
Q 
makeup 
account for
stand at 
become 
reach
constitute
A

به جای was در رایتینگ

81
Q

respectively

A

به ترتیب

82
Q

grow
jump
leap

83
Q

deviate

A

منحرف کردن

84
Q 
Regarding X,
as regards X,
when it comes to X,
concerning X,
turning to X,
A

در رابطه با موضوع ایکس

regarding possible solutions

85
Q

approximately
roughly
almost

A

تقریبا

86
Q

chamber

87
Q

practical solution
blanket solution
logical solution
comprehensive solution

long-term solution
short-term solution

88
Q

household

A

خانوار

خانواده

89
Q

distress

A

نگران کردن

درد، سختی

90
Q

famine

91
Q

pupil

92
Q

vandal

vandalism

A

خرابگر

وحشیگری و خرابکاری

93
Q

diverse …..( interests)

diverse kinds of ….

A

علایق) گوناگون، متنوع)

94
Q

turning to possible remedies

turning to possible blanket solutions

A

اول پاراگرافای سولوشن

95
Q

tempting

A

وسوسه کننده

تحریک کننده

96
Q

such sth

A

such leaves مرخصی های اینچنینی

such works کاره های اینچنینی

97
Q

sth does not cost sth anything

A

such leave does not cost the company anything
این مرخصی ها برای کارخانه هیچ هزینه ای ندارد
- This mistake will cost you.
- How much does this cost?

98
Q

downsize downscale

upsize upscale

A

کوچیک کردن

بزرگ کردن

99
Q

sth is required to do sth

sth needs to do sth

A

فلان چیز لازم است همچین کاری را انجام دهد

100
Q

possess

101
Q

in the way that ….

A

اینجوری که

102
Q

incentive

A

motivation

encouragement

103
Q

acquire

require

A

gain, achieve acquire knowledge

need, necessary

104
Q

competence

A

quality in sth, power

students will acquire competence in a wide range of skills

105
Q

well-rounded

A

comprehensive

well-rounded education

106
Q

well-mannered

A

خوش رفتار

107
Q

foster

108
Q

outperform

A

are better than…

private schools outperform public schools based on more flexible and advanced academic and extracurricular programs

109
Q

aptitude

A

تیزهوشی

he has a natural aptitude for teaching

110
Q

excel at/in sth

A

بهتر از بقیه بودن در چیزی

rick has always excelled at foreign languages

111
Q

academic

A

استاد دانشگاه

112
Q

in succession

113
Q

an array of sth

A

who can do an array of various jobs

114
Q

take in sth

115
Q

criminality

criminal

A

جرم و جنایت

جنایی

116
Q

by doing so

A

as a result of doing this

only by doing so can criminal attacks be tracked

117
Q

approach

A

come near or nearer to
speak for the first time
رویکرد

118
Q

rubber

A

پلاستیک

پاک کن

119
Q

school badge on a blazer

A

نشان مدرسه روی پیرهن مردانه

120
Q

bright hair [makes sb [stand out]

A

attracts attentions

121
Q

strike ; struck ; [struck ~ stricken= affected]

i was struck by the resemblance
the men decided to strike for higher wages
he struck me in the face
people are on the strike over sth

A

ضربه، اصابت، برخورد، اعتصاب

122
Q

bay

A

خلیج کوچک

123
Q

write up

124
Q

get into sth

A

to become interested in sth

The bosses of the dairy company are now getting into yogurt and ice cream in a big way.

125
Q

from the 2000s onwards

A

از سال 2000 به بعد

126
Q

encounter

A

مواجه شدن

127
Q

underlying

A

basic original

the underlying cause

128
Q

prevalent

A

accepted widespread

129
Q

counter-intuitive

A

بر خلاف انتظار

In what would be the final game of 2020 against Baylor, Heefner offered a counterintuitive suggestion

130
Q

ambitious

A

adj: desiring success /demanding
- The company was created by two very ambitious young men in the early 1900s.
- This 500-page book is her most ambitious effort yet.

131
Q

so that

A

Indicates purpose; in order that, with the result that.
He must die so that others might live.
Indicates purpose; in such a way that, with the intent that.
He tied a complex knot so that others would find it hard to undo.

132
Q

in doing so

A

while doing so

I ran out the door, in doing so I slipped on the ice outside.

133
Q

by doing so

A

because I did so

134
Q

inline with…,

A

in alignment or accordance with.

مطابق با …،

135
Q

low-status individuals

A

low in station or rank or fortune or estimation

136
Q

impose

A

تحمیل کردن

governments have imposed “green taxes” on drivers, airline companies, and other polluters

137
Q

place importance on something
similar words:
place emphasis on…
place limitations on…

A

companies should place as much importance on social responsibilities as they do on financial profits.
the importance placed on …

138
Q

make a good contribution to …

limit our contribution to …

A

کمک کردن به یک اتفاق خوب یا بد

139
Q

… in favour of …

A

instead of

for backing or supporting

140
Q

virtue

A

حسن ، فضیلت، ستودگی
advantage
- the many virtues of fasting.

141
Q

toddler

A

baby, child, infant, kid, little one, preschooler, rug rat, tot, youngster

142
Q

long run

143
Q

vandalism

A

destruction, defacing, graffiti, mischief, ravaging, ruin, sacking, smashing, trashing, wreckage, wrecking
No arrests have been made yet in the vandalism, Charleston Police told Fox News.

144
Q

a decisive moment

A
  • لحظه‌ای سرنوشت‌ساز
145
Q

Compensation

A

غرامت خسارت جبران

146
Q

apprenticeship

A

شاگرد، شاگردی کردن، کارآموز

147
Q

communal

A

اشتراکی collective; shared

- the problems of communal living

148
Q

give rise to

A

cause to happen. lead

“decisions which give rise to arguments”

149
Q

deter

A

prevent, stop, put a stop to

- Fear of atomic retaliation deterred the communists from attacking.

150
Q

to rid sm of sth
be rid of
get rid of sth

A

You must rid yourself of these childish thoughts.

He couldn’t wait to retire and be rid of his many responsibilities.

151
Q

hurdle

A

مانع مشکل

handicap difficulty barrier, obstacle

152
Q

deprive

deprived

A

محروم کردن

محروم شده

153
Q

ever since

A

continually or often from a past time until now;
We both liked the idea and have been working on it ever since.
I went to the festival its first year and have been returning ever since.
I met Harry in high school and we’ve been friends ever since.
Ever since his wife left him, he’s had a drinking problem.

154
Q

thereby

A

بدان وسیله، از آن راه، به‌موجب آن، درنتیجه

- They wore women’s clothes, thereby escaping the police.

155
Q

move to tears

sb move sb to tears

A 
to cause (someone) to cry
Everyone in the audience was moved to tears by their performance.
156
Q

arbitrary

A

دلخواه ، اختیاری، dictatorial رندوم شخصی
“his mealtimes were entirely arbitrary”
“arbitrary rule by King and bishops has been made impossible”

157
Q

in the course of —

A

during در طی ، در مدت
“a new textbook was in the course of preparation”
“he was a friend to many people in the course of his life”

158
Q

recession

A

reduction of market activity, bad times, bankruptcy, big trouble
کسادی ، پس رفت
the recession of optimism
the recession of a glacier

159
Q

net zero

A

Put simply, net-zero refers to the balance between the amount of greenhouse gas produced and the amount removed from the atmosphere. We reach net zero when the amount we add is no more than the amount taken away.
“General Services Administration has sealed an unusual deal to guarantee the achievement of net-zero energy consumption in a federal facility “
“By 2020 all new homes built in California will have to be net-zero buildings that produce enough power to offset all their energy needs “

160
Q

amass

amassed

A

گرداوری کردن

gathering collecting

161
Q

Scrutiny

A

Survey

Detailed examination

162
Q

in the case of (someone or something)

A

در مورد…
Regarding, in the matter of, in that instance.
-For example, In the case of James, they decided to promote him to the next grade.
-Well, in the case of your sister, we didn’t have to give her a curfew because she never stayed out late.

163
Q

volatility

A 
بی ثبات ، نوسان
a tendency to change quickly and unpredictably
-price volatility
-the volatility of the stock market
-the volatility of the region
-the volatility of his temper
164
Q

escalate -escalated

waste costs escalated

165
Q

equivalent

A

معادل، هم‌ارز
analogous comparable similar
“one unit is equivalent to one glass of wine”

166
Q

bottom out- bottomed out

A

reached its minimum level

167
Q

level out -levelled out-

A

decreased(or increased) and stayed at a constant number

168
Q

ambiguous equivocal

169
Q

ambiguous equivocal vague imprecise inexact in explicit

170
Q

ambiguous equivocal vague imprecise inexact in explicit uncertain

Ielts (8 decks)

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