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Anatomy 2 > Wrist, Palmar Hand > Flashcards

Wrist, Palmar Hand Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most commonly injured carpal bone?

A

scaphoid

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2
Q

Palmar Arches

A

distal transverse arch
proximal transverse arch
longitudinal arch

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3
Q

Wrist Creases

A
  • proximal, middle, distal
  • roughly correspond w/ carpal bones
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4
Q

Abduction of Thumb

A

occurs at CMC joint … trapezium + 1st metacarpal

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5
Q

Extension/Flexion of Thumb

A

occurs at CMC, MCP, and IP joints

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6
Q

CMC Joint Osteoarthritis

A

common wear-and-tear of CMC joint of thumb from manual, hands-on work

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7
Q

Extrinsic Muscles

A
  • originate proximal to the wrist
  • generate greater force
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8
Q

Intrinsic Muscles

A
  • contained entirely w/in the hand
  • precise control
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9
Q

Superficial Extrinsic Flexor Muscles

A

flexor carpi radialis
flexor carpi ulnaris
*palmaris longus

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10
Q

Intermediate Extrinsic Flexor Muscles

A

flexor digitorum superficialis

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11
Q

Deep Extrinsic Flexor Muscles

A

flexor digitorum profundus
flexor pollicis longus
pronator quadratus

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12
Q

Bifurication of Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

A
  • tendon of FDS splits at proximal phalanx and inserts on middle phalanx
  • tendon of flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) emerges through FDS bifurication at middle phalanx and attaches to distal phalanx
  • FDS only extends fingers at PIP, while FDP extends at both the PIP and DIP
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13
Q

Which muscles are innervated by two different nerves?

A
  • flexor digitorum profundus
  • flexor pollicis brevis
  • lumbricals
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14
Q

Flexor Tendon Zones (Injuries)

A
  • 5 distinct zones
  • zone 2 (where FDS bifurication occurs, proximal/middle phalanx) is “no man’s zone” due to complex repair and rehab when injured
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15
Q

Digital Pulley System

A
  • annular pulleys (5)
  • cruciate pulleys (4)
  • keeps tendon of palmar muscles of digits in place to prevent “bowstringing”
  • A2 (distal phalanx) and A4 (middle phalanx) = most important
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16
Q

Vincula of Extensor Hood

A
  • vincula brevia, vinculum longum
  • tendinous strands of extensor hood that keeps FDS in place
17
Q

Extensor Tendon Pathways in Fingers

A
  • extensor expansion/hood
  • splits into a central slip and two lateral bands, then reconnects at terminal tendon
  • sagittal band and lateral band keep extensor tendon in place
18
Q

Trigger Finger

A
  • stenosing tenosynovitis
  • inflammation/nodule of A1 pulley
  • leads to locking of finger in flexed position (can be extended again passively/with assistance)
19
Q

Arterial Supply of Hand

A
  • radial artery runs posteriorly to thumb and forms floor of anatomical snuffbox
  • superficial palmar arch
  • deep palmar arch
  • digital branches around digits
20
Q

Mallet Finger Deformity

A
  • ruptured long extensor tendon (runs to distal phalanx)
  • DIP in flexed position
  • no active extension, but can passively extend DIP
21
Q

Boxer’s Fracture

A

fracture of neck of 5th metacarpal commonly resulting from end-on blow of fist

22
Q

Gamekeeper’s/Skier’s Thumb

A

injury of ulnar collateral ligament of thumb

23
Q

Thenar Compartment/Eminence

A

flexor pollicis brevis
abductor pollicis brevis
opponens pollicis

24
Q

Hypothenar Compartment

A

flexor digiti minimi
abductor digiti minimi
opponens digiti minimi

25
Q

Adductor Compartment

A

adductor pollicis, which has two heads (oblique, transverse)

26
Q

Short Muscles

A

lumbricals
palmar interossei
dorsal interossei

27
Q

Lumbricals of Hand

A

1-4
- 1 and 2: unipennate, innervated by median nerve
- 3 and 4: bipennate, innervated by ulnar nerve

28
Q

PAD vs DAP

A

PAD: 1-3, unipennate
DAB: 1-4, bipennate

29
Q

Transverse Carpal Ligament

A
  • in flexor retinaculum, covering ventral surface of carpals and carpal tunnel
30
Q

Guyon’s Canal

A
  • walls formed by pisiform and hook of hamate
  • superficial and medial to carpal tunnel
  • contains ulnar artery and ulnar nerve
31
Q

Palmar Aponeurosis

A
  • thick layer of fascia over palm that protects neurovascular structures
  • synovial sheaths lubricate tendons and reduce friction during movement
32
Q

Dupuytren’s Contracture

A
  • abnormal thickening of palmar aponeurosis
  • contracture of ring and small fingers (digits 4 and 5)
  • cannot extend/straighten fingers, even w/ force

Anatomy 2 (11 decks)

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