Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PTMMD > Wrist/Hand Fractures, Peripheral Nerve Entrapment, CRPS > Flashcards

Wrist/Hand Fractures, Peripheral Nerve Entrapment, CRPS Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Colles fracture?

A

A complete fracture of the distal radius with posterior (dorsal) displacement of the distal fragment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the typical mechanism of injury for a Colles fracture?

A

FOOSH (fall on an outstretched hand).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What characteristic deformity is associated with a Colles fracture?

A

Dorsiflexion or ‘silver fork’ deformity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How is the fracture displacement and angulation of a Colles fracture identified?

A

Evident on the lateral film.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What do radiographs of the AP view show in a Colles fracture?

A

The usual comminuted fracture.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the primary goal in the management of a Colles fracture?

A

Precise reduction of the fracture to maintain the normal length of the radius.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the most common management method for a Colles fracture?

A

Closed reduction and casting.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

In which cases may a short-arm cast be used for a Colles fracture?

A

Stable fractures in good alignment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What may more complicated cases of a Colles fracture require?

A

Open reduction and external fixation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a common sequela of a Colles fracture?

A

Loss of full rotation of the forearm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When are exercises typically prescribed after a Colles fracture?

A

Once the cast is removed, usually at around 6 weeks post-fracture.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a Smith fracture?

A

A complete fracture of the distal radius with anterior (palmar) displacement of the distal fragment

Sometimes referred to as a reverse Colles fracture.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the usual mechanism for a Smith fracture?

A

A fall on the back of a flexed hand

This type of fracture typically occurs due to impact on the wrist in a specific position.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the typical management for a Smith fracture?

A

Closed reduction and long-arm casting in supination for 3 weeks, followed by 2-3 weeks in a short-arm cast

This management approach aims to ensure proper healing and alignment of the fracture.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What nerve can be compressed as it enters the posterior wrist capsule?

A

Posterior interosseous nerve

Compression may occur due to repetitive wrist extension maneuvers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the major disability associated with radial nerve injury?

A

Weak wrist and finger extension

This condition leads to the wrist and fingers adopting a position termed ‘wrist drop.’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What condition results from radial nerve injury characterized by a specific hand position?

A

‘Wrist drop’

This position results from weak wrist and finger extension.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How does radial nerve injury affect handgrip?

A

Weakened handgrip

Due to poor stabilization of the wrist and finger joints.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What specific movements are typically affected by radial nerve injury?

A

Inability to extend the thumb, proximal phalanges, wrist, and elbow

The extent of inability depends on the level of injury.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which forearm movement is affected by radial nerve injury?

A

Supination

Additionally, adduction of the thumb is also affected.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What area experiences decreased or impaired sensation due to radial nerve injury?

A

Posterior surface of the first interosseous space

This sensory loss is a consequence of radial nerve dysfunction.

22
Q

What is Wartenberg Syndrome?

A

A compression of the superficial sensory radial nerve.

23
Q

What inflammation can lead to Wartenberg syndrome?

A

Inflammation of the tendons of the first posterior (dorsal) compartment.

24
Q

What symptoms are associated with Wartenberg syndrome?

A

Pain, paresthesias, and numbness of the radial aspects of the hand and wrist.

25
Q

Which muscles’ tendons can compress the superficial radial nerve?

A

Brachioradialis and ECRL muscles.

26
Q

What is the mechanism of nerve compression in Wartenberg syndrome?

A

Tendons can press on the nerve in a scissor-like fashion when the forearm is pronated.

27
Q

What is Wartenberg sign?

A

A sign described by abduction or clawing of the little finger when the patient extends the fingers.

28
Q

What is ulnar nerve entrapment?

A

Compression of the ulnar nerve at specific anatomical locations.

29
Q

Where can ulnar nerve entrapment occur at the elbow?

A

In the cubital tunnel.

30
Q

Where can ulnar nerve entrapment occur at the wrist?

A

At the Guyon canal.

31
Q

What should be evaluated if ulnar neuropathy at the Guyon canal is suspected?

A

The pisotriquetral joint and the hook of the hamate.

32
Q

What may result from abnormalities at the pisotriquetral joint or the hook of the hamate?

A

Secondary ulnar neuropathy.

33
Q

What medical history should be inquired about when evaluating ulnar neuropathy?

A

Diabetes and peripheral neuropathies.

34
Q

What are the two types of interventions for ulnar nerve compression?

A

Surgical and conservative.

35
Q

What are indications for surgical intervention for ulnar nerve compression?

A
  • Preventing deformity
  • Increasing functional use of the hand
36
Q

What does conservative intervention for mild ulnar nerve compression involve?

A
  • Applying a protective splint
  • Patient education to avoid compromising positions
37
Q

What does CRPS stand for?

A

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome

CRPS is a classification of disorders that can occur after a minor injury.

38
Q

How many types of CRPS are recognized by the International Association for the Study of Pain?

A

Two types

The two types are CRPS 1 and CRPS 2.

39
Q

What characterizes CRPS 1?

A

Triggered by a noxious event not limited to a single peripheral nerve

CRPS 1 was previously termed RSD.

40
Q

What characterizes CRPS 2?

A

Triggered by a direct partial or complete injury to a nerve

CRPS 2 was previously termed causalgia.

41
Q

List some signs and symptoms of both types of CRPS.

A
  • Pain
  • Edema
  • Stiffness
  • Skin temperature changes
  • Sweating

These symptoms can vary in intensity and presentation.

42
Q

True or False: A third type of CRPS has been suggested.

A

True

This third type is characterized by irreversible changes and severely limited mobility.

43
Q

What are the characteristics of the suggested third type of CRPS?

A
  • Irreversible changes in skin and bones
  • Marked muscle atrophy
  • Unyielding pain
  • Severely limited mobility

This type indicates a more severe progression of the syndrome.

44
Q

What are the two classifications of pain in Type I CRPS?

A

Sympathetically maintained pain and sympathetically independent pain

Sympathetically maintained pain involves an abnormal reaction of the sympathetic nervous system.

45
Q

What characterizes sympathetically maintained pain in Type I CRPS?

A

An abnormal reaction of the sympathetic nervous system

This type of pain is distinct from sympathetically independent pain.

46
Q

What types of edema can occur in Type I CRPS?

A

Pitting and nonpitting edema

Edema in CRPS may result from vasomotor instability and lack of motion.

47
Q

What causes the stiffness in Type I CRPS?

A

Increased fibrosis in ligamentous structures and adhesion formation around tendons

Stiffness tends to increase with time.

48
Q

What are the three clinical phases of CRPS 1?

A
  1. Acute inflammatory phase
  2. Dystrophic stage
  3. Atrophic stage

Each phase has distinct characteristics and duration.

49
Q

What characterizes the acute inflammatory phase of CRPS 1?

A

Lasts from 10 days to 2-3 months; reversible with treatment; limb is flushed, warm, dry; severe, constant diffuse pain; edema; increased hair and nail growth; ends with limb being cold, sweaty, and cyanotic.

This phase involves paradoxical sympathetic stimulation leading to vasoconstriction.

50
Q

What symptoms are associated with the dystrophic stage of CRPS 1?

A

Lasts another 3-6 months; pale, mottled, edematous, sweaty limb; pain is continuous, more severe; nails may crack/brittle; limited limb movement; muscle wasting; joint stiffness; osteoporosis; contractures.

Constricted blood vessels can cool limb temperature significantly.

51
Q

What defines the atrophic stage of CRPS 1?

A

Irreversible damage to muscles and joints; bones atrophy over 2-3 months; joints become weak, stiff, or ankylosed; pain lessens but may become spasmodic; skin looks glossy, pale, or cyanotic.

This stage is marked by a decrease in pain that is no longer mediated by the sympathetic nervous system.

52
Q

What is a key feature of pain in the atrophic stage of CRPS 1?

A

Pain lessens but may become spasmodic or breakthrough.

This indicates a shift in pain characteristics, moving away from sympathetic mediation.

PTMMD (33 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions