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MRCEM primary > Wrist and hand anatomy > Flashcards

Wrist and hand anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What forms the roof of the anatomical snuffbox?

A

Skin

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2
Q

What forms the floor of the anatomical snuffbox?

A

Scaphoid and trapezium.

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3
Q

What forms the proximal border of the anatomical snuffbox?

A

Styloid process of radius

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4
Q

What forms the radial border of the anatomical snuffbox?

A

Tendons of the extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus

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5
Q

What forms the ulnar border of the anatomical snuffbox?

A

Tendon of the extensor pollicis longus

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6
Q

What is included in the contents of the anatomical snuff box?

A

Radial artery
Superficial branch of radial nerve
Cephalic vein

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7
Q

Pain and tenderness in the anatomical snuffbox suggests what?

A

Scaphoid fracture

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8
Q

What is the scaphoid bone at risk of when fractured?

A

Avascular necrosis

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9
Q

Why is the scaphoid bone at risk of avascular necrosis when fractured?

A

Due to retrograde blood supply that enters at the distal end

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10
Q

Fractures of which aspect of the scaphoid are most at risk of causing avascular necrosis?

A

Fractures to the middle/ ‘waist’ if the scaphoid.

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11
Q

What is the extensor retinaculum?

A

A thickened, fibrous band that holds the extensor tendons at the dorsum of the wrist.

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12
Q

What is De Quervain’s tenosynovitis?

A

Inflammation of the tendons in the first extensor compartment of the wrist.

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13
Q

What are the attachments of the extensor retinaculum of the wrist?

A

Lateral surface of distal radius proximally and pisoform + traquetal bones distally.

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14
Q

What type of joint is the wrist?

A

Ellipsoidal (condyloid) type synovial joint.

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15
Q

Which muscles allow for flexion of the wrist?

A

Flexor carpi ulnas
Flexor carpi radialis
Flexor digitorum superficialis (assistance)

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16
Q

Which muscles allow for extension of the wrist?

A

Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Extensor digitorum (assistance)

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17
Q

Which muscles allow for adduction at the wrist?

A

Extensor carpi ulnaris
Flexor carpi ulnaris

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18
Q

Which muscles allow for abduction at the wrist?

A

Abductor pollicis longus
Flexor carpi radials
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis

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19
Q

What structures form the carpal tunnel?

A

Flexor retinaciulum superficially
Carpal bones posteriorly
Scaphoid and trapezium laterally
Hook of the hamate and pisiform medially

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20
Q

Where does the flexor retinaculum span between?

A

Hook of hamate and pisiform + scaphoid and trapezius

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21
Q

What does the carpal tunnel contain?

A

9 tendons surrounded by synovial sheaths and the median nerve

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22
Q

What aspect of the median nerve is not found within the carpal tunnel?

A

Palmar cutaneous branch (is given off prior to median nerve entering carpal tunnel)

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23
Q

Where does the palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve travel with regards to the flexor retinaculum?

A

Superficially to it.

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24
Q

Which tendons are found in the carpal tunnel?

A

Tendon of flexor pollicis longus
4 tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
4 tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis

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25
Q

Which tendon is located within the flexor retinaculum?

A

Flexor carpi radialis tendon

26
Q

Which muscles make up the thenar eminence?

A

Opponens pollicis
Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis

27
Q

What are the thenar muscles responsible for?

A

Fine movements of the thumb

28
Q

Which nerve innervates the muscles of the thenar eminence?

A

Median nerve (recurrent branch)

29
Q

What is the function of the opponent pollicis?

A

Opposition of the thumb

(medially rotates and flexes the metacarpal on the trapezium)

30
Q

What is the function of the abductor pollicis brevis?

A

Abducts the thumb.

31
Q

What is the function of the flexor pollicis brevis?

A

Flexes the MCP joint of the thumb.

32
Q

What are the muscle components of the hypothenar eminence?

A

Opponens digiti minimi
Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi brevis

33
Q

What is the innervation of muscles in the hypothenar eminence?

A

Ulnar nerve

34
Q

What is the function of the opponents digiti minimi?

A

Opposition of little finger

35
Q

What is the function of the abductor digiti minimi?

A

Abducts the little finger

36
Q

What is the function of the flexor digiti minimi?

A

Flexes MCP joint of little finger

37
Q

What structures do the lumbricals link together?

A

The extensor tendons and flexor tendons.

38
Q

What are the functions of the lumbricals?

A

Flexion at the MCP joints
Extension at IP joints

39
Q

What is the innervation of the lumbricals?

A

Lateral 2 lumbricals = median nerve
Medial 2 lumbricals = ulnar nerve

40
Q

Where are the interoessei located?

A

Between metacarpal bones of the hand (there are dorsal and palmar groups)

41
Q

What is a common function of the interossei?

A

Assist lumbricals in flexion of MCP joints and extension of IP joints.

42
Q

What is the function of the dorsal interossei?

A

Finger abduction

43
Q

What is the function of the palmar interossei?

A

Finger adduction

44
Q

What is the innervation of the interossei?

A

Ulnar nerve

45
Q

Which 2 muscles of the hand do not fit into a common group?

A

Palmaris brevis
Adductor pollicis

46
Q

What is the innervation of the palmaris brevis?

A

Ulnar nerve

47
Q

What is the innervation of the adductor pollicis?

A

Ulnar nerve

48
Q

What is the function of the palmaris brevis?

A

Wrinkles the skin of the hypothenar eminence + deepens the curvature of the hand (improves grip)

49
Q

What is the function of the adductor pollicis?

A

Adducts the thumb

50
Q

Where do the lumbricals originate from?

A

A tendon of the flexor digirotum profundus

51
Q

Where do the lumbricals insert to?

A

Pass dorsally and laterally around each finger and insert into the extensor hood.

52
Q

What is the function of the flexor pulley system of the hand?

A

To hold the flexor tendons against the phalanges, preventing them from pulling away and bowstringing.

53
Q

Where do the tendons of the flexor digitorum superficialis attach to?

A

The base of the middle phalanx.

54
Q

Where do the tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus attach to?

A

The base of the distal phalanx.

55
Q

Which tendons of the hand flex the IP joints?

A

Flexor digitorum profundus and the flexor digitorum superficialis

56
Q

Which tendons of the hand flex the DIP joints?

A

Flexor digitorum profundus.

57
Q

The flexor retinaculum is attached medially to which carpal bones?

A

Hamate and pisiform

58
Q

What are the lateral attachments of the flexor retinaculum?

A

Scaphoid and trapezium

59
Q

What is the function of the palmar interossei?

A

Adduct the fingers towards middle finger

60
Q
A

MRCEM primary (47 decks)

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