The hip joint + gluteal region Flashcards
What type of joint is the hip?
Ball and socket synovial joint
What are the articulations which form the hip joint?
Pelvic acetabulum and head of femur
What is the acetabulum?
Cup-like depression
Where is the acetabulum located?
Inferolateral aspect of the pelvis
How is the acetabulum deepened?
Acetabular labrum (fibrocartilaginous collar)
What do the ligaments of the hip joint act to do?
Act to increase stability
What is the only intracapsular ligament of the hip joint?
Ligament of the head of the femur (ligaments Teres)
What does the ligament of the head of the femur (ligaments Teres) enclose?
Artery to head of femur (branch of obturator artery)
What are the 3 extra-capsular ligaments of the hip joint?
Ileofemoral ligament
Pubofemoral ligament
Ischiofemoral ligament
What do the ileofemoral and ischiofemoral ligaments prevent?
Hyperextension of the hip joint
What is the arterial supply to the hip joint?
Medial circumflex artery
Lateral circumflex artery
Artery to the head of the femur
Which artery provides the majority of blood supply to the hip joint?
Medial circumflex artery
(Lateral artery has to penetrate through thick ileofemoral ligament)
Damaged to the medial circumflex artery can cause what?
Avascular necrosis
Which 3 nerves primarily innervate the hip joint?
Sciatic
Femoral
Obturator
Why can pain from the hip be referred to the knee?
The same nerves that innervate the hip joint innervate the knee
Which muscles are responsible for hip flexion?
Iliopsoas
Rectus femoris
Sartorius
Pectineus
Which muscles are responsible for hip extension?
Gluteus maximus
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Biceps femoris (hamstrings)
Which muscles are responsible for hip abduction?
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Piriformis
Tensor fascia latae
Which muscles are responsible for hip adduction?
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Adductor magnus
Pectineus
Gracilis
Which muscles are responsible for hip lateral rotation?
Biceps femoris
Gluteus maximus
Piriformis
Obturators (gemelli and quadrates femoris)
Which muscles are responsible for hip medial rotation?
Anterior fibres of gluteus medius and minimus
Tensor fascia latte
Which nerves provide cutaneous innervation to the hip joint?
Posterior and anterior rami of umbrosacral nerves
What are the 2 groups of gluteal muscles?
Superficial abductors and extenders
Deep lateral rotators
Which muscles are superficial abductors and extenders in the gluteal region?
All 3 gluteal muscles
Obturator interns
Which muscles are deep lateral rotators in the gluteal region?
Quadratus femoris
Piriformis
Gemellus superior
Gemellus inferior
Obturator interns
What is the arterial supply to the muscles in the gluteal region?
Superior and inferior gluteal arteries (branches of the internal iliac artery).
What is the function of the gluteus Maximus?
Main extensor of thigh
Assists with lateral rotation
What is the innervation of gluteus Maximus?
Inferior gluteal nerve
What is the function of gluteus medius?
LL abduction and medial rotation.
Also strengthens pelvis during locomotion (prevents dropping of pelvis on contralateral side).
What is the innervation of gluteus medius?
Superior gluteal nerve.
What is the function of gluteus minimus?
LL abduction and medial rotation.
Also strengthens pelvis during locomotion (prevents dropping of pelvis on contralateral side).
What is the innervation of gluteus minimus?
Superior gluteal nerve.
What is the function of piriformis?
Lateral rotation and abduction.
What is the innervation of piriformis?
Nerve to piriformis.
What is the function of obturator internus?
Lateral rotation and abduction.
What is the innervation of obturator internus?
Nerve to obturator internus.
What is the function of quadratus femoris?
Lateral rotation.
What is the innervation of quadratus femoris?
Nerve to quadrates femoris.
What is the combined role of piriformis, obturator internus and quadrates femoris?
Hip stabilisers and lateral rotators.
The sciatic nerve enters the gluteal region directly inferior to which muscle?
Piriformis.
