Wrist and hand Flashcards
What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of flexor digitorum superficialis
Origin: humeroulnar head- medial epicondyle via common flexor tendon, medial part of coronoid process of ulna, ulnar collateral ligament, intermuscular septa; radial head- upper two-thirds of anterior border of radius
Insertion: tendons divide and insert into sides of shaft of middle phalanx of second to fifth digits
Action: flexes fingers and wrist
Innervation: median (C8,T1)
What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of flexor digitorum profundus
Origin: medial side of coronoid process of ulna, upper three-quarters of anterior and medial surfaces of ulna, interosseous membrane
Insertion: base of palmar surface of distal phalanx of second to fifth digits
Action: flexes fingers and wrist
Innervation: medial part- ulnar nerve (C8,T1); lateral part- anterior interosseous branch of median nerve (C8,T1)
What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of flexor pollicis longus
Origin: anterior surface of radius, interosseous membrane
Insertion: palmar surface of distal phalanx of thumb
Action: flexes thumb and wrist
Innervation: anterior interosseous branch of median nerves (C7,C8)
What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of extensor carpi radialis longus
Origin: lower third of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus, intermuscular septa
Insertion: posterior surface of base of second metacarpal
Action: extends and abducts wrist
Innervation: radial nerve (C6,C7)
What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of extensor carpi radialis brevis
Origin: lateral epicondyle via common extensor tendon
Insertion: posterior surface of base of third metacarpal
Action: extends and abducts wrist
Innervation: posterior interosseous branch 4of radial nerve (C7,C8)
What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of extensor carpi ulnaris
Origin: lateral epicondyle via common extensor tendon
Insertion: medial side of fifth metacarpal base
Action: extends and adducts wrist
Innervation: posterior interosseous nerve (C7,C8)
What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of extensor digitorum
Origin: lateral epicondyle via common extensor tendon, intermuscular septa
Insertion: lateral and dorsal surfaces of second to fifth digits
Action: extends fingers and wrist
Innervation: posterior interosseous branch of radial nerve (C7,C8)
What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of extensor indicis
Origin: lower part of posterior surface of ulna, interosseous membrane
Insertion: dorsal digital expansion on back of proximal phalanx of index finger
Action: extends index finger and wrist
Innervation: posterior interosseous nerve (C7,C8)
What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of extensor digiti minimi
Origin: lateral epicondyle via common extensor tendon, intermuscular septa
Insertion: dorsal digital expansion of fifth digit
Action: extends fifth digit and wrist
Innervation: interosseous branch nerve (C7,C8)
What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of extensor pollicis longus
Origin: middle third of posterior surface of ulna, interosseous membrane
Insertion: dorsal surface of distal phalanx thumb
Action: extends thumb and wrist, abducts wrist
Innervation: posterior interosseous nerve (C7,C8)
What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of extensor pollicis brevis
Origin: posterior surface of radius, interosseous membrane
Insertion: dorsolateral base of proximal phalanx of thumb
Action: extends thumb and wrist, abducts wrist
Innervation: posterior interosseous nerve (C7,C8)
What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of abductor pollicis longus
Origin: upper part of posterior surface of ulna, middle third of posterior surface of radius, interosseous membrane
Insertion: radial side of first metacarpal base, trapezium
Action: abducts and extends thumb, abducts wrist
Innervation: posterior interosseous nerve (C7,C8)
What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of flexor digitorum superficialis
Origin: humeroulnar head- medial epicondyle via common flexor tendon, medial part of coronoid process of ulnar, ulnar collateral ligament, intermuscular septa; radial head- upper two-thirds of anterior border of radius
Insertion: tendons divide and insert into sides of shaft of middle phalanx of second to fifth digits
Action: flexes fingers and wrist
Innervation: median (C8,T1)
What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of flexor digitorum profundus
Origin: medial side of coronoid process of ulna, upper three-quarters of anterior and medial surfaces of ulna, interosseous membrane
Insertion: base of palmar surface of distal phalanx of second to fifth digits
Action: flexes fingers and wrist
Innervation: medial part- ulnar nerve (C8,T1); Lateral part- anterior interosseous brank of median nerve (C8,T1)
What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of the lumbricals (of the hand)
Origin: tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
Insertion: lateral margin of dorsal digital expansion of extensor digitorum
Action: flexes metacarpophalangeal joints and extends interphalangeal joints of fingers
Innervation: first and second- median nerve (C8,T1); third and fourth- ulnar nerve (C8,T1)
What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of flexor digiti minimi brevis (of the hand)
Origin: hook of hamate, flexor retinaculum
Insertion: ulnar side of base of proximal
phalanx of little finger
Action: flexes little finger
Innervation: ulnar nerve (C8,T1)
What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of extensor indicis
Origin: lower part of posterior surface of ulna, interosseous membrane
Insertion: dorsal digital expansion on back of proximal phalanx of index finger
Action: extends index finger of wrist
Innervation: dorsal digital expansion on back of proximal phalanx of index finger
What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of the interossei
Origin: adjacent sides of two metacarpal bones (four bipennate muscles)
Insertion: bases of proximal phalanges and dorsal digital expansions (first attaches laterally to index finger; second and third attach to both sides of middle finger; fourth attaches medially to ring finger)
Action: abducts index, middle and ring fingers, flexes metacarpophalangeal joints and extends interphalangeal joints
Innervation: Ulnar nerve (C8,T1)
What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of dorsal interossei (of the hand)
Origin: adjacent sides of two metacarpal bones (four bipenate muscles)
Insertion: bases of proximal phalanges and dorsal digital expansions (first attaches laterally to index finger; second and third attach to both sides of middle finger; fourth attaches medially to ring finger)
Action: abducts index, middle and ring fingers, flexes metacarpophalangeal joints and extends interphalangeal joints
Innervation: ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of abductor digiti minimi (of the hand)
Origin: pisiform, tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris, pisohamate ligament
Insertion: ulnar side of base of proximal phalanx of little finger
Action: abducts little finger
Innervation: ulnar nerve (C8,T1)
What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of opponens digiti minimi
Origin: hook of hamate, flexor retinaculum
Insertion: medial border of fifth metacarpal
Action: abducts fifth digit, pulls it forwards and rotates it laterally
Innervation: ulnar nerve (C8,T1)
What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of palmar interossei
Origin: shaft of metacarpal of digit on which it acts
Insertion: dorsal digital expansion and base of proximal phalanx of same digit
Action: adducts thumb, index, ring and little finger
Innervation: ulnar (C8,T1)
What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of flexor pollicis brevis
Origin: flexor retinaculum, tubercle of trapezium, capitate, trapezoid
Insertion: base of proximal phalanx
Action: flexes metacarpophalangeal joint of thumb
Innervation: median nerve (C8-T1). Sometimes also supplied by ulnar nerve (C8-T1)
What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of abductor pollicis brevis
Origin: flexor retinaculum, tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium, tendon of abductor pollicis longus
Insertion: radial side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
Action: abducts thumb
Innervation: median nerve (C8,T1)
What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of adductor pollicis
Origin: oblique head- palmar ligaments of carpus, flexor carpi radialis tendon, base of second to fouth metacarpals, capitate; transverse head- palmar surface of third metacarpal
Insertion: base of proximal phalanx of thumb
Action: adducts thumb
Innervation: ulnar nerve (C8-T1)
What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of opponens pollicis
Origin: flexor retinaculum, tubercle of scaphoid and trapezium, abductor pollicis longus tendon
Insertion: radial side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
Action: rotates thumb into opposition with fingers
Innervation: median nerve (C8,T1)
Describe the structure and function of the dorsal radiocarpal ligament
Extends from the posterior edge of the lower end of the radius to the posterior surface of the scaphoid, lunate and triquetral. Its fibres run downwards and medially, principally to the triquetral and are continuous with the dorsal intercarpal ligaments
Describe the structure and function of the palmar radiocarpal ligament
A broad band of fibres passing downwards and slightly medially from the anterior edge of the lower end of the radius and its styloid process, to the anterior surfaces of the proximal row of carpal bones. Some of the fibres are prolonged and extend to attach to the capitate
Describe the structure and function of the palmar ulnocarpal ligament
Formed by fibres extending downwards and laterally from the anterior edge of the articular disc and the base of the ulnar styloid process to the anterior surfaces of the proximal carpal bones
Describe the structure and function of the radial collateral carpal ligament
Passes from the tip of the radial styloid process to the lateral side of the scaphoid, immediately adjacent to its proximal articular surface, and to the lateral side of the trapezium
Describe the structure and function of the ulnar collateral ligament
A rounded cord attached to the ulnar styloid process above and to the bases of the pisiform and the medial and posterior non-articular surfaces of the triquetral below. By its attachment to the pisiform the ligament also blends with the medial part of the flexor retinaculum
Describe the structure and function of the proximal row of intercarpal joints
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Describe the structure and function of the distal row of intercarpal joints
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Describe the structure and function of the interosseous intercarpal ligaments
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Describe the structure and function of the palmar intercarpal ligament
It passes from the bones of the proximal row predominantly to the head of the capitate. This ligament is sometimes referred to as the radiate capitate ligament
Describe the structure and function of the dorsal intercarpal ligament
The dorsal intercarpal ligament merely passes from the bones of one row to those of the other
Describe the structure and function of the radial collateral ligament
A strong distinct band passing from the scaphoid to the trapezium. It is a continuation of the radial collateral carpal ligament of the radio-carpal joint
Describe the structure and function of the ulnar collateral ligament
It connects the triquetral and the hamate, and is a continuation of the ulnar collateral carpal ligament of the radiocarpal joint
Describe the structure and function of the common carpometacarpal joint
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Describe the structure and function of the dorsal carpometacarpal ligaments
A series of bands of fibres which pass from the distal row of carpal bones to the bases of the metacarpals. In gerneal, each metacarpal receives two bands those to the second metacarpal come from the trapezium and trapezoid; those to the third from the trapezoid and capitate
Describe the structure and function of the intermetacarpal joints
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Describe the structure and function of the carpometacarpal joint
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Describe the structure and function of the radial carpometacarpal ligament
Passes between the adjacent lateral surfaces of the trapezium and first metacarpal
Describe the structure and function of the anterior and posterior oblique ligaments
They pass from their respective surfaces of the trapezium to the medial side of the first metacarpal, converging as they do so. The posterior oblique ligament becomes taut in flexion of the thumb, while the anterior becomes taut during extension.
Describe the structure and function of the metacarpophalangeal joint
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Describe the structure and function of the palmar ligament of the metacarpophalangeal joint
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Describe the structure and function of the interphalangeal joint
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Describe the structure and function of the collateral ligament of the interphalangeal joint
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Describe the structure and function of the metacarpophalangeal joint
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Describe the structure and function of the ligaments of the metacarpophalangeal
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Describe the structure and function of the interphalangeal joints
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Describe the structure and function of the radius
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Describe the structure and function of the ulnar
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Describe the structure and function of the scaphoid
Its marked anteriorly by a prominent palpable tubercle and a narrowed waist around its centre, articular surfaces are present on the scaphoid: proximally for the radius, medially for the lunate and more distally for the head of the capitate, and lateral to the tubercle for the trapezium and trapezoid. The small non-articular surface of the tubercle is only region available for the entry of bloody vessels, it is a common site of fracture
Describe the structure and function of the lunate
The lunate has a smooth convex palmar surface which is larger than its dorsal surface. On its medial side is a square articular surface for the triquetral, and on its lateral side a crescent-shaped area for the scaphoid. Distally, there is a deep concavity for the head of the capitate, while proximally the bone is convex where it articulates with the radius and articular disc.
Describe the structure and function of the triquetral
The triquetral lies in the angle between the lunate and hamate, which it articulates via sinuous surface. The square lateral articular surface is for the lunate. The triquetral is distinguished by a circular articular surface for the pisiform. The proximal part enters the radiocarpal joint during adduction of the hand
Describe the structure and the function of the pisiform
The pisiform is a small round sesamoid bone found in the tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris. It articulates with the palmar surface of the triquetral. The anterior surface projects distally and laterally forming the medial part of the carpal tunnel
Describe the structure and function of the trapezium
The trapezium is the most irregular of the carpal bones, with a palpable tubercle and groove medially on its anterior surface. It has articular surfaces proximally for the scaphoid and trapezoid, which are set at an angle to each other. Its main feature is the articular surface for the base of the first metacarpal. This articular surface is saddle-shaped and, faces distally, laterally and slightly forwards, contributing greatly to the mobility of the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb
Describe the structure and function of the trapezoid
The trapezoid is a small and irregular bone with articulates with the second metacarpal. It lies in the space bounded by the metacarpal, it lies in the space bounded by the metacarpal, scaphoid, capitate and trapezium, articulating with each
Describe the structure and function of the capitate
The capitate is the largest of the carpal bones being centrally places with a rounded head articulating with the concavities of the lunate and the scaphoid. Medially and laterally there are flatter articular surfaces for the hamate and trapezoid respectively. The dorsal surface is flat, but the palmar aspect is roughened by ligamentous attachments. The distal surfaces articulates mainly with the base of the third metacarpal, but also by narrow surfaces with the baes of the second and fourth metacarpals
Describe the structure and function of the hamate
The hamate is wedged-shaped with a large curved palpable hook projecting from its palmar surface near the base of the fifth metacarpal. The hook is concave on its lateral side forming part of the carpal tunnel. The distal base of the wedge articulates with the bases of the fourth and fifth metacarpals. The wedge passes up between the capitate and triquetral to reach the lunate. The articular surface for the capitate is flat and that for the triquetral is sinuous.
Describe the structure and function of the metacarpals
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Describe the structure and function of the proximal phalanges
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Describe the structure and function of the middle phalanges
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Describe the structure and function of the distal phalanges
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