Arm and elbow Flashcards
List the extensors of the elbow
Triceps brachii, anconeus
List the pronators of the elbow
Pronator teres, pronator quadratus
List the supinators of the elbow
Supinator, biceps brachii
What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of brachialis
Origin: lower half of anterior surface of humerus, intermuscular septum
Insertion: coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna
Action: flexes elbow
Innervation: musculocutaneous nerve (C5,C6) radial nerve (C7)
What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of brachioradialis
Origin: upper two-thirds of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus, lateral intermuscular septum
Insertion: lateral side of radius above styloid process
Action:flexes elbow
Innervation: radial nerve (C5,C6)
What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of pronator teres
Origin: humeral head- medial epicondyle via common flexor tendon, intermuscular septum, antebrachial fascia; ulnar head- medial part of coronoid process
Insertion: middle of lateral of coronoid process
Action: pronates forearm, flexes elbow
Innervation: median nerve (C6,C7)
What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of anconeus
Origin: posterior surface of lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: lateral surface of olecranon, upper quarter of posterior surface of ulnar
Action: extends elbow
Innervation: radial nerve (C6-C8)
What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of pronator quadratus
Origin: lower quarter of anterior surface of ulna
Insertion: lower quarter of anterior surface of radius
Action: pronates forearm
Innervation: anterior interosseous branch of median nerve (C7,C8)
What is the origin, insertion, action and innervation of supinator
Origin: inferior aspect of lateral epicondyle, radial collateral ligament, annular ligament, supinator crest and fossa of ulna
Insertion: posterior, lateral and anterior aspects of upper third of radius
Action: supinates forearm
Innervation: posterior interosseous nerve (C6,C7)
Describe the structure and function of the ulnar collateral ligament
The ulnar collateral ligament fans out from the medial epicondyle and has thick anterior and posterior bands united by a thinner intermediate portion. The anterior band passes from the front of the medial epicondyle to the medial edge of the coronoid process. It is intimately associated with the common tendon of the superficial forearm flexor muscles, giving rise to some of the fibres of flexor digitorum superficialis. The posterior band runs from the back of the medial epicondyle to the medial edge of the olecranon. The apex of the thinner intermediate part of the ligament is attached to the undersurface of the medial epicondyle, while its base is attached to the transverse band stretched between the attachments of the anterior and posterior bands to the coronoid process and olecranon. The synovial membrane tends to protrude below the free edge of the transverse ligament is crossed by the ulnar nerve as it passes behind the medial epicondyle to gain access to the forearm
Describe the structure and function of the radial collateral ligament
The radial collateral ligament is a strong, triangular band attaching above to a depression on the anteroinferior aspect of the lateral epicondyle deep to the overlying common extensor tendon. Below, the ligament blends with the annular ligament of the radius, the slightly thicker anterior and posterior margins passing forwards and backwards to attach to the margins of the radial notch on the ulna. The ligament is less distinct than the ulnar collateral.
Describe the structure and function of the superior radioulnar joint
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Describe the structure and function of the quadrate ligament
Stretches from the lower border of the radial notch of the ulna to the adjacent medial surface of the neck of the radius proximal to the radial tuberosity. Its fibres run in a criss-cross manner between the two bones, so that, irrespective of the relation of the radius to the ulna, some fibres are always under tension. The overall tension within the ligament thus remains constant in all positions of pronation and supination. Its two borders are strengthened by fibres from the lower border of the annular ligament
Describe the structure and function of annular ligament
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Describe the structure and function of the inferior radioulnar joint
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