Wrist Flashcards
The wrist is made up of (one/two) separate joints: what are the names of those joints?
two; radiocarpal joint and midcarpal joint
The radiocarpal joint is made up of the radius and the (distal/proximal) row of carpal bones
proximal
The midcarpal joint is formed by what?
The proximal and distal row of carpal bones
What are the motions that can be performed at the wrist joint?
Flexion/extension, radial/ulnar deviation, & circumduction
Circumduction of the wrist is a combination of what movements?
All of the movements available at the wrist: flexion/extension & radial/ulnar deviation
Extrinsic muscles of the hand originate (outside/inside) of the hand and they are coming from the elbow region. These muscles can be affected by a painful or dysfunctional wrist. Because these muscles cross the wrist joint, they can really affect how well you can use your hand. If the wrist is painful, dysfunctional, or arthritic, it can really affect the way the hand moves because the muscles that move the hand originate (outside/inside) of the hand.
outside; outside
Palmer and volar = (posterior/anterior)
Dorsal = (posterior/anterior)
anterior; posterior
The distal radius is (convex/concave) in both medial-lateral and anterior-posterior directions
concave
What kind of joint is concave in one direction and convex in the other?
A saddle joint
The (proximal/distal) end of the radius angles 25 degrees towards the ulnar (medial) direction. This is referred to as an “Ulnar Tilt” and it allows the wrist and hand more (ulnar/radial) deviation than (ulnar/radial) deviation
distal; ulnar; radial
The (proximal/distal) end of the radius angles 10 degrees in the palmar (anterior) direction. This is referred to as a “Palmar Tilt” and it allows for greater amounts of (flexion/extension) than (flexion/extension).
distal; flexion; extension
Tilts are important because a lot of people suffer injuries to their distal radius and those tilts are one of the main factors that orthopedists and orthopedic surgeons want to preserve in order to have a functioning wrist. They are looking at this stuff on xrays and they are deciding on whether or not to cast the person or perform a surgery on them in order to maintain the tilt. If the palmar tilt after a fracture had less than the normal 10 degrees then (flexion/extension) would be limited. But if you have more than 10 degrees of a palmar tilt, let’s say 25 degrees then (flexion/extension) would be limited.
flexion; extension
In between the proximal and distal poles of the scaphoid lies the waist. That is important if we are talking about fractures of the scaphoid. There Is (increased/decreased) blood flow that goes into this particular area of the scaphoid and it can become ischemic. Ischemic means that there is no blood flow going to the area. If there is no blood flow going to the bone you can get necrosis which is death of the bone.
decreased
If a patient comes in and says they had a bad fall on their wrist, if they have tenderness in their __ they have to get an xray to rule out a fracture.
anatomical snuffbox
The (scaphoid/pisiform) acts almost as a sesamoid bone and it is within your flexor carpi ulnaris so it is intricately involved in wrist flexion.
pisiform
The (lunate/capitate) forms a very rigid attachment with the 3rd metacarpal. The (lunates/capitates) ability to move through different directions is what directs the whole hand through its movement because of how stable that attachment is.
capitate; capitates
The hamate is one of the bones that has the attachment of the ____ ligament and it “forms” the carpal tunnel.
transverse carpal
The pisiform and the hook of the hamate are on the (radial/ulnar) side of the transverse carpal ligament. The scaphoid/trapezium are on the (radial/ulnar) side of the transverse carpal ligament.
ulnar; radial
The _____ ligament is an attachment site for the hand intrinsic muscles and the palmaris longus.
transverse carpal
The transverse carpal ligament (allows for/prevents) bowstringing of the tendons. Think of the pull of the tendon coming through. It’s almost creating a force where that tendon.. If not for the retinaculum or tissues like that or the TCL, it would bowstring outwards and they would lose their leverage, but the fact that they can go through that tight space when they contract it redirects the force of those muscles and keeps the moment arm advantageous. It is like a pulley going through that small tunnel (carpal tunnel) and its able to redirect the force well in order to have good force and pull your fingers into flexion. If it wasn’t there, there would be this weird tendon pulling it “this” direction.
prevents
The radiocarpal joint has the (concave/convex) surface of the radius and articular disc (TFCC). The TFCC is a continuation of the (concave/convex) surface of the distal radius. The (concave/convex) surface of the radiocarpal joint is formed by the scaphoid, lunate, and triquetrum in an ulnar deviated position. If you were to ulnarly deviate your hand, the triquetrum now starts to articulate, but it does not articulate unless it is ulnarly deviated.
concave; concave; convex
When talking about the forces that are dissipated, we talked about how the radius has more force with direct compression through the hand. Your hand is hitting the ground and the interosseous membrane will redirect force. _% of that force is felt by the radius at the wrist and that other _% is felt by the ulna and the articular disc of the TFCC.
80; 20
The midcarpal joint is made up of __ different compartments. Name them.
2; the medial compartment and the lateral compartment
What is in the medial compartment of the midcarpal joint?
The head of the capitate and the hamate
What is in the lateral compartment of the midcarpal joint?
The scaphoid articulation with the trapezium and the trapezoid
Most of the motion at the midcarpal joint happens at the (lateral/medial) compartment, meaning that the capitate is moving and the hamate is moving.
medial
The wrist ligaments are an extension of the capsule and there are ligaments on the dorsal side, palmar side, radial side, and ulnar side. What are the names of these ligaments?
The dorsal radiocarpal ligament, palmar radiocarpal ligament, radial collateral ligament, and the ulnar collateral ligament.
The palmar radiocarpal ligament of the wrist will resist (flexion/extension).
extension
The dorsal radiocarpal ligament of the wrist will resist (flexion/extension).
flexion
The radial collateral ligament of the wrist will resist (radial/ulnar) deviation.
ulnar
The ulnar collateral ligament will resist (radial/ulnar) deviation.
radial
If a valgus force is applied to the wrist, the (radial collateral/ulnar collateral) ligament will be the ligament in the wrist resisting this force.
ulnar collateral
The ___ securely binds the distal end of the radius and ulna while also allowing the radius to rotate around a fixed ulna (pronation and supination)
TFCC