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NT - 315 > Wounds > Flashcards

Wounds Flashcards

1
Q

open wound - define

A

break in the skin surface

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2
Q
A
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3
Q

wounds: 2 x clasifications

A

open & Closed

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4
Q

open - 7 types

A

avulsion, abraisions, deegloving, incised, lacerations, shear, puncture

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5
Q

possible causes of: avulsions

A

dog fights, falls, RTA

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6
Q

possible causes of: abrasions

A

Friction, RTA

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7
Q

possible causes of: Degloving

A

RTA or animal trap

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8
Q

possible causes of: incised

A

knife/scalpel, glass, metal

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9
Q

possible causes of: laceration

A

dog fights, barbed wire, RTA

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10
Q

possible causes of: shear

A

dog fight, animal trap

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11
Q

possible causes of: puncute

A

bites, shootings, nails, thorns, teeth

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12
Q

appearance of: avulsions

A

skin is torn from your body during an accident or other injury

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13
Q

appearance of: abraisions

A

shallow scrape on the skin surface

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14
Q

appearance of: degloving

A

extensive section of skin is completely torn off the underlying tissue

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15
Q

appearance of: incised

A

clean cut through the tissues

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16
Q

appearance of: laceration

A

produced by the tearing of soft body tissue

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17
Q

appearance of: shear

A

downward pressure AND friction.

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18
Q

appearance of: puncture

A

pointed object that pierces or penetrates the skin.

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19
Q

Closed - 3 types

A

haematoma, contusion, injuries to internal organs

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20
Q

possible causes of: haematoma

A

head shaking, blunt trauma

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21
Q

possible causes of: contusion

A

blunt force trauma, blood sampling, surgery

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22
Q

possible causes of: internal injuries

A

blunt force trauma, dog fights, rta, kick injuries

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23
Q

appearance of: haematoma

A

abnormal collection of blood outside of a blood vessel

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24
Q

appearance of: contusion

A

blood vessels are damaged or broken as the result of a blow to the skin

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25
Q

appearance of: internal injury

A

Disturbance of the different regulating systems in the body

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26
Q

wound healing phases

A

inflamatory phase, proliferative phase, remodelling phase.

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27
Q

signs of inflammation

A

PRISH Pain, Redness, Irittation, Swelling, Heat

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28
Q

Define: Acute inflammation

A

immediate and rapid response to an injury

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29
Q

define: chronic inflammation

A

inflammatory response which has occured for longer than expected (weeks/months)

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30
Q

3 x outcomes of wound healing

A

resolutiom, regeneration, organisation

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31
Q

define: resolution

A

no tissue distruction, inflammatory process is mild, tissue returns to its orginal state before the injury

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32
Q

three examples of why chronic inflammation might occur

A

persistant infections, prolonged exposure to foreign body, autoimmune disease

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33
Q

define: regeneration

A

damaged tissue is replaced by proliferation of remaining cells.

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34
Q

when can regeneration occur

A

when vasculature is still intact to allow blood supply

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35
Q

what types of cells are unable to regenerate

A

cardiac cells and nuerons

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36
Q

define: organisation (wound outcome)

A

cells cannot be repaire by regeneration, tissues heals by formation of scar tissue

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37
Q

What is 2 problems with scar tissue

A

loss of function, more susceptible to recurrent damage

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38
Q

most tissues heal by a combination of the three outcomes. True or False

A

TRUE

39
Q

define: wound contamination

A

a wound with bacteria in

40
Q

what is the only wound that can be classed as truly clean

A

surgical wound

41
Q

optimal time to treat a wound

A

within 6 hours

42
Q

wound contamination - 0-6 hours

A

golden period, contaiminated but not infected, little bacteria multiplication

43
Q

wound contamination - 6-12 hours

A

bacteria begining to divide. early stages of infection,

44
Q

wound contamination - over 12 hours

A

infection established

45
Q

descibe a clean wound

A

surgical wound, no break in sterility, surgically prepaired, no contaminated body systems entered

46
Q

describe a clean-contaminated wound

A

surgical wound that enters a contaminated body system, no spillage or spread of contaminate

47
Q

list the contaminated body systems RE: wounds

A

respiratoty system, gastrointestinal system

48
Q

descibe a contaminated wound

A

wounds with spillage from contaminated system. severe inflammation but without infection. Fresh open wounds are also contaminated

49
Q

descibe a dirty wound

A

wound with leaking from pus filled organ. pus present in wound due to infection. traumatic wound with debris or foriegn body

50
Q

defeine: colonisation

A

the presence of multiplying micro-organisms on wound surface.

51
Q

does colinisation illict an immune response?

A

no, no clinical signs or symptoms from the animal

52
Q

define: infection (re: wounds)

A

presence of multiplying micro-organisms which over whelm body’s immune system

53
Q

list signs of infection

A

pus, cellulitis, wound dehiscence (breakdown)

54
Q

factors affecting wound healing: 7 x wound related

A

movement, infection, tension, poor perfusion, self trauma, tumours, foreign bodies

55
Q

factors affecting wound healing: 4 x patient related

A

age, malnutrition, drugs, other concurrent diseases

56
Q

aims of lavage x 3

A

wash debris from wound, dilute bacteria in wound, not cause further damage

57
Q

what is the recommended amount and pressure of lavage?

A

100ml per cm2. pressure of 7-15psi

58
Q

how would the correct lavage pressure be achieved

A

20ml syringes with 19g needle

59
Q

three points to remember when lavaging

A

more fluid = more dilute bacteria. more contaminated = more lavage needed. early lavage = less bacteria given the opportunity to multiply

60
Q

lavage solutions x 6

A

tap water, sterile saline, hartmans, chlorohexidine, povodine-iodine, hydrogen peroxide

61
Q

tap water - pros + cons

A

pro - cheap, readily avaliable. con - no antimicrobial properties

62
Q

tap water - indications

A

external wounds that do not enter a body cavity or joinjt

63
Q

sterile saline - pros + cons

A

pro - relivelty inexpensive. isotonic, no tissue damage. cons - more acidic than hartmans. no antibacterial action

64
Q

sterile saline - indications

A

any wound

65
Q

hartmans - pros + cons

A

pro - relivelty inexpensive. physiologically similar to plasma, no tissue damage. cons - no antibacterial action

66
Q

hartmans - indications

A

any wound

67
Q

chorhexidine - pros and cons

A

pro - not inactiviated by organic matter, wide antimicrobial spectrum. cons - high concentrations can cause cell damange and slow granulation tissue formation

68
Q

chorhexidine - indications

A

contaminated or infected wounds

69
Q

povodine-iodine pros and cons

A

pro - wide spectrum antimicrobial. cons - poor risidual activity, can cause thyroid disorders, inactivated by debris, pus or organic matter

70
Q

hydrogen peroxide - pros and cons

A

NOT RECOMMENDED

71
Q

hydrogen peroxide - indications

A

NOT RECOMMENDED

72
Q

define: debridement

A

removal of necrotic tissues from the wound, until fresh bleeding edges are exposed.

73
Q

2 x methods of debridment

A

surgical and debridement dressings

74
Q

3 x main debridement dressings

A

adherant dressings, hydrogels, hydrocolloids.

75
Q

wound closure: x 4

A

primary closure (first intention) delayed primary closure, secondary closure, second intention healing

76
Q

define: primary closure

A

surgical closure of a wound immediatley after presentation

77
Q

deinfe: delayed primary closure

A

surgical closure of a wound 3 - 5 days after initial injury

78
Q

define: secondary closure

A

surgical closure of a wound 5 - 7 days after initial injury

79
Q

define: secondary intention

A

heals by granulationm epithilisation and contraction - regular bandage changes. not healing with surgical intervention.

80
Q

Surgical drains: when might they be used?

A

when surgery or trauma disrupts the hypoderm. skin no longer attached to fascia. may create a dead space which will fill with fluid and can increase infection rates.

81
Q

functions of wound dressings x 5

A

absorb exudates. analgesia, protection of wound, prevention of infection, promotion of wound healing

82
Q

3 x classifications of wound dressings

A

passive, interactive, bioactive.

83
Q

define: passive wound dressing

A

having no action on the wound

84
Q

define: interactive wound dressing

A

responding to the wound environment in some way

85
Q

define: bioactive wound dressing

A

having a biological effect ont he wound

86
Q

management specific to skin grafts

A

robort jones bandage, v.careful bandage changes, aspective wound mangaement, non-adherant primary dressing layer.

87
Q

define: direct contact

A

grooming, biting, close body contact

88
Q

define: indirect contact

A

coming into contact that an infected animal has also been in contact with (bedding, food bowls, fomites)

89
Q

define: contagious

A

patient can infect another through direct or indirect contact

90
Q

define: non contagious

A

patient cannot infect another via indirect or direct contact]

91
Q

define: isolation

A

eliminates possibility of contact by isolating animal - used in conjuction with barrier nursing

92
Q

Define: quarrenteen

A

compulsary isolation of animals with, or exposed to contagious infectious deisease

93
Q

define: barrier nursing

A

reduces indirect contact with infectious agents. gloves, gowns, seperate equipment

94
Q

define: protective isolation

A

isolation of susceptible animals in an attempt to protect them from potential infection

NT - 315 (7 decks)

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