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NT - 315 > reproductive disorders > Flashcards

reproductive disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Endocrine abnormality:

delayed onset of puberty

A

cyclical activiy is not present at 4 months of age

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2
Q

Endocrine abnormality:

silent oestrus cycles

A

normal cycle activity, including ovulation but with no extrernal signs

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3
Q

Endocrine abnormality:

split oestrus

A

signs of pro-oestrus but doesnt termiinate in normal ovulation
followed 2-12 weeks later by normal cycle

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4
Q

Endocrine abnormality:

ovulation failure

A

bitches have apprently normal oestrus peroids but with an absence of ovulation
due to insufficient relax release of LH at mating - Queens

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5
Q

Endocrine abnormality:

prolonged anoestrus

A

failue to return to cyclical activiy - resulting in a prolonged interoesturst interval

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6
Q

Endocrine abnormality:

treatment

A

establish animal is not pregnant
check for pyometera and mastitis
signs will gradulally decline within 1 - 3 weeks

hormones to suppress lactation and reduce prolactin

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7
Q

Diseases of the overies:

Absence of ovarian development

A

defective development or congenital absence of organ or tissue

unilateral - can affect fertility

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8
Q

Diseases of the overies:

Neoplasia / cysts

A

cysts are rare in both species, may be associated with signs of persistant oestrus

ovarian tumors are rare

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9
Q

Diseases of the overies:

intersex

A

posses both ovarian and testicular tissues.
abnormal appearance of external genitals - os clitoris

gonads can be found in a normal ovarian position or within the scrotum

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10
Q

Diseases of the overies:

Premature Ovarian failure

A

may be seen in Queens >8yrs. These animals stop cycling

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11
Q

Diseases of the uterus:

pyometra

A

bacterial infection of the cervix and uterus

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12
Q

Diseases of the uterus:

pyo - clinical signs

A 
depression / lethargy
pu/pd
anorexia
pyrexia
vomitting
\+/- vaginal discharge
toxarmic shock
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13
Q

Diseases of the uterus:

pyo - treatment

A

IVFT
OVH - once stablised
antibiotics

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14
Q

Diseases of the vagina and vestibule:

congential abornmalities

A

segmnatal aplasia = missing portion of the vagina

hymenal = narrow of the hymen

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15
Q

Diseases of the vagina and vestibule:

vaginitis

A

prepubertal bitches or canine herpesvirus

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16
Q

Diseases of the vagina and vestibule:

neoplasia

A

can be seen in the entire bitch or queen

removed with OVH or removal using an episiotomy

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17
Q

Diseases of the vagina and vestibule:

vaginal hyperplasia

A

naturally regress at end of oestrus

exposed mucosa must be kept clean

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18
Q

Diseases of the vagina and vestibule:

vaginal prolapse

A

less common than hyperplasia and will regress spontaneously

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19
Q

vulval atresia

A

deformed vulva

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20
Q

vulval agenesis

A

absence of vulva

21
Q

define: mammectomy

A

removal of affected gland

22
Q

define; local masectomy

A

removal of gland and an adjacent gland

23
Q

define: radical masectomy or mamary strip

A

removal of all glands on affected sides

24
Q

Diseases of the testes:

cyrptrorchidism

A

inherited condition. one or both testicles do not descend

25
Q

Diseases of the testes:

orchitis

A

inflammation of testes caused by trauma or ascending bacterial infection

26
Q

Diseases of the testes:

neoplasia

A 
testicular tumours 
common in dogs - rare in cats 
leydig cell tumours
sertoli cell tumours
seminoma - affects germ cells
27
Q

Diseases of the accessory glands:

benign prostatic hyperplasia

A

seen in older dogs - result of hormal stimulation
faecal tenesmus
gland can become infected

28
Q

Diseases of the accessory glands:

prostatic cysts and abscesses

A

if BPH persists, prostate may develop cysts or abscesses, which may grow to considerable size. may become life threatening

29
Q

Diseases of the accessory glands:

prositis

A

inflammation of prostate gland

30
Q

Diseases of the accessory glands:

prostatic neoplasia

A

prostatic carcinoma rapidily spreads to adjacent lymph nodes

31
Q

Diseases of the accessory glands:

clinical signs

A 
cysitis
caudal abdomen pain 
faecal and urinary tenesmus
pyrexia
anorexia
weight loss
toxaemia 
blood in semen
32
Q

Diseases of the accessory glands:

clinical signs

A 
cysitis
caudal abdomen pain 
faecal and urinary tenesmus
pyrexia
anorexia
weight loss
toxaemia 
blood in semen
33
Q

Diseases of the accessory glands:

diagnosis

A 
rectal palpation
urinalysis
radiography
altrasonography
FNAB
Ejaculation sample
prostatic flushing
34
Q

Diseases of the accessory glands:

treatment

A 
surgical castration 
chemical castration 
surgical drainage
antibiotics
radiotherapy
35
Q

Diseases of the penis and prepuce:

phimosis

A

inability to extrude the penis due to abnormally small preputial orifice

36
Q

Diseases of the penis and prepuce:

paraphimosis

A

failure to retract the penis into prepuse

37
Q

Diseases of the penis and prepuce:

priapism

A

the persistant elargement of the penis is absense of sexual excitement

38
Q

Diseases of the penis and prepuce:

lymphoid hyperplasia

A

common condition where multiple lesions are present on bulbus glandis

39
Q

Ferrets

Persistant oestrus

A

increased oestradiol levels

40
Q

Ferrets

Persistant oestrus

clinical signs

A

alopecia
swelling of vulva
pancytopenia

41
Q

Ferrets

Persistant oestrus

treatment and prevention

A

spay ferret before oestrus cycle

female can be mated using a vasectomised male ferret

42
Q

Snakes, lizards, chelonia

egg binding

A

(dystocia, foetal retention, post ovulatory stasis)

egg binding occurs when female can not pass mature eggs formed in reproductive system

often in first time breeding females

43
Q

Snakes, lizards, chelonia

egg binding
causes

A 
poor husbandry
incorrect nesting sites
improper temperature
poor nutrition
dehydration
stress
breeding to young
breeding to old 
too large egg
hormonal or systemic condition
44
Q

Snakes, lizards, chelonia

egg binding
clinical signs - snakes

A 
laying some eggs
swelling in caudal half of body 
non productive straining
discomfort
cloacal prolapse
45
Q

Snakes, lizards, chelonia

egg binding
clinical signs - turtrles

A 
depression 
swelling at cloaca
dysponea
digging with hind feet
non productive straining
46
Q

Snakes, lizards, chelonia

egg binding
clinical signs - lizzards

A 
depression, inactivity
lethargy
cachexia
non productive straining
anorexia - common in reproducing lizzards
47
Q

Snakes, lizards, chelonia

egg binding
clinical signs - tortoises

A 
depression 
anorexia
non productive straining
cloacal swelling
egg bound tortoise should not be allowed to hibernate
48
Q

Snakes, lizards, chelonia

egg binding
treatment

A

supportive treatment first
correct husbandry
quiet environment
if some eggs - no treatment for 48 hours
physical manipulation - gentle pressure to produce egg
hormonal stimulation = arginine vasotocin

ovocentesis - content of retained egg can be removed by passing a needle through the skin into egg - reduces size of the egg

NT - 315 (7 decks)

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