reproductive disorders Flashcards
Endocrine abnormality:
delayed onset of puberty
cyclical activiy is not present at 4 months of age
Endocrine abnormality:
silent oestrus cycles
normal cycle activity, including ovulation but with no extrernal signs
Endocrine abnormality:
split oestrus
signs of pro-oestrus but doesnt termiinate in normal ovulation
followed 2-12 weeks later by normal cycle
Endocrine abnormality:
ovulation failure
bitches have apprently normal oestrus peroids but with an absence of ovulation
due to insufficient relax release of LH at mating - Queens
Endocrine abnormality:
prolonged anoestrus
failue to return to cyclical activiy - resulting in a prolonged interoesturst interval
Endocrine abnormality:
treatment
establish animal is not pregnant
check for pyometera and mastitis
signs will gradulally decline within 1 - 3 weeks
hormones to suppress lactation and reduce prolactin
Diseases of the overies:
Absence of ovarian development
defective development or congenital absence of organ or tissue
unilateral - can affect fertility
Diseases of the overies:
Neoplasia / cysts
cysts are rare in both species, may be associated with signs of persistant oestrus
ovarian tumors are rare
Diseases of the overies:
intersex
posses both ovarian and testicular tissues.
abnormal appearance of external genitals - os clitoris
gonads can be found in a normal ovarian position or within the scrotum
Diseases of the overies:
Premature Ovarian failure
may be seen in Queens >8yrs. These animals stop cycling
Diseases of the uterus:
pyometra
bacterial infection of the cervix and uterus
Diseases of the uterus:
pyo - clinical signs
depression / lethargy pu/pd anorexia pyrexia vomitting \+/- vaginal discharge toxarmic shock
Diseases of the uterus:
pyo - treatment
IVFT
OVH - once stablised
antibiotics
Diseases of the vagina and vestibule:
congential abornmalities
segmnatal aplasia = missing portion of the vagina
hymenal = narrow of the hymen
Diseases of the vagina and vestibule:
vaginitis
prepubertal bitches or canine herpesvirus
Diseases of the vagina and vestibule:
neoplasia
can be seen in the entire bitch or queen
removed with OVH or removal using an episiotomy
Diseases of the vagina and vestibule:
vaginal hyperplasia
naturally regress at end of oestrus
exposed mucosa must be kept clean
Diseases of the vagina and vestibule:
vaginal prolapse
less common than hyperplasia and will regress spontaneously
vulval atresia
deformed vulva
vulval agenesis
absence of vulva
define: mammectomy
removal of affected gland
define; local masectomy
removal of gland and an adjacent gland
define: radical masectomy or mamary strip
removal of all glands on affected sides
Diseases of the testes:
cyrptrorchidism
inherited condition. one or both testicles do not descend
Diseases of the testes:
orchitis
inflammation of testes caused by trauma or ascending bacterial infection
Diseases of the testes:
neoplasia
testicular tumours common in dogs - rare in cats leydig cell tumours sertoli cell tumours seminoma - affects germ cells
Diseases of the accessory glands:
benign prostatic hyperplasia
seen in older dogs - result of hormal stimulation
faecal tenesmus
gland can become infected
Diseases of the accessory glands:
prostatic cysts and abscesses
if BPH persists, prostate may develop cysts or abscesses, which may grow to considerable size. may become life threatening
Diseases of the accessory glands:
prositis
inflammation of prostate gland
Diseases of the accessory glands:
prostatic neoplasia
prostatic carcinoma rapidily spreads to adjacent lymph nodes
Diseases of the accessory glands:
clinical signs
cysitis caudal abdomen pain faecal and urinary tenesmus pyrexia anorexia weight loss toxaemia blood in semen
Diseases of the accessory glands:
clinical signs
cysitis caudal abdomen pain faecal and urinary tenesmus pyrexia anorexia weight loss toxaemia blood in semen
Diseases of the accessory glands:
diagnosis
rectal palpation urinalysis radiography altrasonography FNAB Ejaculation sample prostatic flushing
Diseases of the accessory glands:
treatment
surgical castration chemical castration surgical drainage antibiotics radiotherapy
Diseases of the penis and prepuce:
phimosis
inability to extrude the penis due to abnormally small preputial orifice
Diseases of the penis and prepuce:
paraphimosis
failure to retract the penis into prepuse
Diseases of the penis and prepuce:
priapism
the persistant elargement of the penis is absense of sexual excitement
Diseases of the penis and prepuce:
lymphoid hyperplasia
common condition where multiple lesions are present on bulbus glandis
Ferrets
Persistant oestrus
increased oestradiol levels
Ferrets
Persistant oestrus
clinical signs
alopecia
swelling of vulva
pancytopenia
Ferrets
Persistant oestrus
treatment and prevention
spay ferret before oestrus cycle
female can be mated using a vasectomised male ferret
Snakes, lizards, chelonia
egg binding
(dystocia, foetal retention, post ovulatory stasis)
egg binding occurs when female can not pass mature eggs formed in reproductive system
often in first time breeding females
Snakes, lizards, chelonia
egg binding
causes
poor husbandry incorrect nesting sites improper temperature poor nutrition dehydration stress breeding to young breeding to old too large egg hormonal or systemic condition
Snakes, lizards, chelonia
egg binding
clinical signs - snakes
laying some eggs swelling in caudal half of body non productive straining discomfort cloacal prolapse
Snakes, lizards, chelonia
egg binding
clinical signs - turtrles
depression swelling at cloaca dysponea digging with hind feet non productive straining
Snakes, lizards, chelonia
egg binding
clinical signs - lizzards
depression, inactivity lethargy cachexia non productive straining anorexia - common in reproducing lizzards
Snakes, lizards, chelonia
egg binding
clinical signs - tortoises
depression anorexia non productive straining cloacal swelling egg bound tortoise should not be allowed to hibernate
Snakes, lizards, chelonia
egg binding
treatment
supportive treatment first
correct husbandry
quiet environment
if some eggs - no treatment for 48 hours
physical manipulation - gentle pressure to produce egg
hormonal stimulation = arginine vasotocin
ovocentesis - content of retained egg can be removed by passing a needle through the skin into egg - reduces size of the egg
