alimentary tract disorders Flashcards
Glands associated with alimentary tracts
Salivary glands
the liver and gall bladder
The pancreas
Pancreatic secretions
Bicarbonate
lipase (fat breakdown)
proteases (trypsinogen)
Amyalase
functions of the digestion system 1 2 3 4
Enable intake of food (mouth and teeth)
Break down into soluble form (Stomach and intestines)
Absorption of nutrients (intestines - small and large)
Removal of waste (liver - anus)
Define: digestion
the process of breaking down food into its simplest form (nutrients)
Define: absorption
procress of transporting a substance across a membrane
define: assimilation
the terms used to describe the process of turning absorbed nutrients into body compnents.
the liver:
the liver is the _______ internal organ and it lies _____. to the diaphragm, to the right of the stomach. It is divided into a number of lobes, between two of which lies the _________. A quater of its blood supply comes from the ________ _______, and the other 75% comes from the _____ ____ ____. This ensures that the products of digestion are passed directly to the liver prior to reaching the rest of the body for ________. Even though the liver has two blood supplies, it only has ____ drainage system. The ______ _____, which drains into the ____ ___ and then the ____ side of the heart.
largest caudal gall bladder hepatic artery hepatic portal vein assimulilation one hepatic vein vena cava right
functions of liver
1 - 10
removal of toxins produces + secretes bile protein synthesis carbohydrate metabolism performs gluconegesis fat metabolism vitmain storage (D,A,K,E,B12) production of heat stores minerals production of urea
define: coprophagia
eating poo
define: dyschezia
difficulty pooing
define: haematochezia
poo with fresh blood
define: inappetance
low apitate
define: megaoesophagus
loss of peristalsis (enlarged/oesophagus)
define: eaena
dark (digested) blood in faeces
define: pica
eating non food stuff
define: polyphagia
excessive eating
define: starvation
suffering caused by the lack of food
define: steatorrhoea
excretion of abnormal quantities of fat
define: tenesmus
straining to pass faeces
Regurgitation - occurs _______ after eating
after
Regurgitation - contents of the _______
oesophagus
Regurgitation - needs __ _______ effort
no abdominal effort
Regurgitation - food is _________
undigested
Regurgitation - occurs ______
suddenly
Regurgitation - has a ______ pH
neutral
Vomiting - occurs _______ after eating
sometime
Vomiting - contents of ___________
stomach and intestines
Vomiting - _______ abdominal effort
involves
Vomiting - food is _________
digested
Vomiting - signs
salivating, distress, lip smacking
Vomiting - _________ pH
acidic pH caused by stomach acid
Guinea pigs - vitamin deficiency that causes scurvy
VITAMIN C
define: enema
introduction of liquid into rectum + distal colon to help break up faeces and facilitate the passage of faeces from the rectum
define: enemata
plural of enema
three reasons for administering an enema
to empty rectum
(constipations, imaging, enable drug administration)
diagnostic aid (view outline of colon/rectum)
To administer medication (rectal diazepam)
enema solutions - rectal solutions
saline tap water ready to use enema liquid parafin mineral oil
enema solutions - oral solutions
klean prep
picolax
Assissted feeding: methods x 3
appetite stimulation
enteral feeding
parental feeding
parental feeding: route
nutrients that go IV
enteral feeding: route
using GI tract to feed
assisted feeding: route
tablets / injections used to persuade a patient to eat
