neurological disorders Flashcards
DEFINE: Grandmal
Seizure that lasts no more than 60-90 seconds.
DEFINE: Cluster seizures
Multiple seizures of normal duration occuring in groups over a number of hours
DEFINE: sTATUS EPILEPITICUS
seizures follow one enother without recovery inbetween
DEFINE: Petit Mal (absent seizure)
short minor convulsion where slight muscle tremour is noticed. but full convulsion does not take place
THREE stages of a seizure
PRE - ICTAL
ICTAL
POST - ICTAL
DEFINE: Pre ictal
period of time just before seizure
pre ictal clinical signs
restlessness
anxiousness
DEFINE: ictal
the actual seziure
ictal clinical signs
collapses loss of conciousness clonic and tonic muscle spasms loss of bladder/bowel control chomping of jaw vocalisation
DEFINE: post ictal
time immedietly after seizure
post ictal clinical signs
dazed dissorintaion restless tired may sleep for extended period of time
define: EEG
electro encephalography - probes attached to skull to measure electrical acivitiy
define: consciousness
a quality of self awareness, surroundings and an ability to respond to external stimuli
define: unconsciousness
no ability to respond to external stimuli
depths of unconsciousness - two
stupor
coma
Expand: stupor
can be roused
pedal withdrawal
pipillay light reflexes still present
expand: coma
prolonged unconsiousness all body functions are present animal can not be roused absent pedal and eye reflexes mimics surgical anaesthesia
define: confusion
inability to think clearly or quickly
define: syncope
temporary loss of consciousness (fainting)
what causes syncope:
loss of blood pressure
lack of oxygen to brain
hypoglycaemia
define: ataxia
unsteady gait caused by incoordination of the muscles
define: paralysis
loss of voluntary muscle control
define: paraesis
WEAKNESS of voluntary muscles
define: lower motor neuron paresis
short strided walk, bunny hopping colapse
define: upper motor neuron paresis
spasmodic, stiffness. proprioceptive deficits
define: quadriparesis / tetraparesis
weaknes in all 4 limbs
define: quadriplegia / tetraplegia
paralysis of all 4 limbs
define: paraplegia
paralaysis of both hind limbs
define: parapesis
weakness of both hind limbs
define: hemiparesis
weakness of one side of body
define: hemiplegia
paralysis of one side of the body
define: monoplegia
paralysis of one limb
changes in cerebral or forebrain cause:
ataxia behavioural changes seizures weakness circling pacing
changes in the cerebella or hindbrain cause:
head tilt nystagmus ataxia tremours dysmetria (lack of coordination) hypermetria (over reaching)
changes in the spine cause:
paralysis paresis weakness abnormal reflexes incontinence
