Wound Healing

Question 1

What are the functions of PMNs in wound healing?

Answer 1

• phagocytosis of microbes
• macrophage activation
• amplify inflammatory response
• stimulate repair process

Question 2

What are the functions of macrophages in wound healing?

Answer 2

• Phagocytosis of PMN, damaged tissue and microbes
• amplify repair process
• stimulate angiogenesis and fibroplasia
• fibrolysis

Question 3

What are the functions of mast cells in wound healing?

Answer 3

• Control vascular permeability
• Control influx of PMN
• Regulate tissue remodelling

Question 4

Colony stimulating factor (CSF)

Answer 4

Source: macrophage, lymphocyte, fibroblast, endothelial cell.

Function: differentiation and maturation of haematopoetic cells

Question 5

Interferon (IFN)

Answer 5

Source: monocyte, macrophage, lymphocyte, mesenchymal cell.

Function: pro-inflammatory, release of other cytokines, inhibits fibrosis

Question 6

Interleukin (IL)

Answer 6

Source: all nucleated cells esp macrophages and monocytes.

Function: pro-inflammatory, enhances epithelialisation, angiogenesis and remodelling

Question 7

Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)

Answer 7

Source: macrophage, lymphocyte, mast cell, neutrophil.

Function: pro-inflammatory, enhances angiogenesis, epithelialisation and remodelling

Question 8

Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF)

Answer 8

Source: fibroblast

Function: mediator of TGF-B activity (cell proliferation and ECM accumulation)

Question 9

Epidermal growth factor (EGF)

Answer 9

Source: platelet, saliva

Function: epithelialisation, chemotactic and mitogenic to fibroblast, protein and MMP synthesis (remodelling), angiogenesis

Question 10

Transforming growth factor B (TGF-B)

Answer 10

Source: macrophage, epithelial cell

Function: epithelialisation, chemotactic and mitogenic to fibroblast, protein and MMP synthesis (remodelling), angiogenesis

Question 11

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)

Answer 11

Source: inflammatory cell, fibroblast, endothelial cell, macrophage

Function: chemotactic and mitogenic to fibroblast and epithelial cell, protein synthesis, angiogenesis

Question 12

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)

Answer 12

Source: liver, platelet

Function: chemotactic and mitogenic to epithelial cell, migration of epithelial cell, fibroblast proliferation, protein and GAG synthesis

Question 13

Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF)

Answer 13

Source: fibroblast

Function: chemotactic and mitogenic to epithelial cell

Question 14

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)

Answer 14

Source: platelet

Function: chemotactic to inflammatory cell and fibroblast, mitogenic to mesenchymal cell, protein synthesis, contraction

Question 15

Transforming growth factor B (TGFB)

Answer 15

Source: platelet, lymphocyte, mast cell, monocyte, macrophage, endothelial cell, epithelial cell, fibroblast

Function: chemotactic to inflammatory and mesenchymal cell, fibroblast proliferation, protein synthesis, ECM deposition (inhibition of MMP, induction of TIMP_, wound contraction

Question 16

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)

Answer 16

Source: macrophage, fibroblast, endothelial cell, epithelial cell

Function: angiogenesis