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Foundations of Disease and Therapy > Wound Healing > Flashcards

Wound Healing Flashcards

1
Q

Granulation Tissue

A

Initial phase of repair; consists of fibroblasts secreting Type III collagen, capillaries, and myofibroblasts.

Characterized by:

  1. acute inflammation
  2. neovascularization
  3. edema
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2
Q

Causes of delayed wound healing

A

Infection, Vitamin C, Copper, or Zinc deficiency, or other causes such as foreign body, ischemia, diabetes, or malnutrition

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3
Q

Secondary Intention

A

Edges of wound are not brought together. Granulation tissue fills the defect, myofibroblasts then contract and form a scar

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4
Q

Fibrosis

A

Excessive deposition of collagen in tissue. Often triggered by macrophages and chronic inflammation

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5
Q

When does repair occur

A

When regenerative cells are lost (i.e. deep skin cut) or when a tissue lacks regenerative capacity

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6
Q

stem cell location in skin

A

basal layer

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7
Q

Keloid

A

excess production of scar tissue that is OUT OF PROPORTION to wound; characterized by Type III Collagen. Affects African Americans in earlobes, face, and upper extremities

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8
Q

Steps of Repair by Connective tissue

A
  1. Inflammation
  2. Angiogenesis
  3. Migration and proliferation of fibroblasts
  4. Scar formation
  5. Connective tissue remodeling
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9
Q

Hypertrophic scar

A

excess production of scar tissue that is localized to wound

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10
Q

Permanent tissues

A

Lack regenerative potential. Healing must occur through fibrosis. Examples include myocardium, skeletal muscle, and neurons.

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11
Q

Labile Tissue

A

Possess stem cells that continuously cycle and regenerate the tissue. Examples include small and large bowel, skin, and bone marrow

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12
Q

Collagenase

A

Removes Type III collagen in granulation tissue and replaces it with Type I collagen; Requires Zinc cofactor!

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13
Q

TGF-beta

A

important fibroblast growth factor; also inhibits inflammation

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14
Q

stem cells in bone marrow and marker

A

hematopoietic stem cells; CD 34

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15
Q

Platelet-derived Growth Factor

A

growth factor for endothelium, smooth muscle, and fibroblasts

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16
Q

Steps of Cutaneous Wound Healing

A
  1. Inflammation (injury and formation of clot)
  2. Proliferation (granulation, re-epithelialization of wound surface)
  3. Maturation (ECM deposition, tissue remodeling)
17
Q

Zinc

A

Cofactor for collagenase

18
Q

Define Regeneration

A

replacement of damaged tissue with native tissue

19
Q

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)

A

important for angiogenesis

20
Q

Stem cell location in small and large bowel

A

mucosal crypts

21
Q

Stable Tissue

A

Cells are normally quiescent, but can reenter cell cycle and regenerate when necessary. Examples include liver cells.

22
Q

Define Repair

A

replacement of damaged tissue with a fibrous scar

23
Q

Type III collagen

A

pliable material that is present in granulation tissue, embryonic tissue, uterus, and keloids

24
Q

Tensile strength of scar

A

about 70-80% of strength of origninal tissue

25
Q

Scar

A

Pale, avascular, nearly acellular collagenous tissue with a few fibroblasts. Surface is covered by intact epithelium

26
Q

TGF-alpha

A

epithelial and fibroblast growth factor

27
Q

Vitamin C

A

Cofactor in hydroxylation of proline and lysine in procollagen residues; important for collagen formation

28
Q

3 types of tissue based on regenerative capacity

A

Labile, Stable, and Permanent

29
Q

Dehiscence

A

rupture of a wound; most commonly seen after abdominal surgery

30
Q

Copper

A

Cofactor for lysyl oxydase, which cross-links lysine and hydroxylysine to form stable collagen polymers

31
Q

Fibroblast growth factor

A

important for angiogenesis

32
Q

Primary Intention

A

Would edges are brought together (as in suturing); leads to minimal scar formation

Foundations of Disease and Therapy (12 decks)

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