Retroviruses and HIV Flashcards
PEP Regimen
Integrase Inhibitor + 2 NRTI’s given within 72 hours of infection
gp120
Surface envelope protein of HIV encoded on Env; Contains highly variable regions; Used for attachment
Technique to monitor HIV viral loads
RT-PCR
LTR
long term repeat; bind cellular and viral transcription factors (promoters and enhancers)
HIV Regulatory proteins
TAT, REV, and NEF
Mutation for HIV Resistance
CCR5 mutation; 10% of Caucasians are heterozygous, 1% are homozygous
Structural genes of HIV
Gag, Pol, and Env
Predictor of disease time course and progression to AIDS
viral load after acute infection
Nef
non-essential HIV protein that’s only required for disease progression; down-regulates CD4 and MHC Class I molecules
Defining feature of retroviruses
presence of Reverse Transcriptase
PrEP Regimen
Two NRTI’s taken daily
Properties of Oncoviruses
Can immortalize or transform cells because they contain growth-regulating oncogenes almost identical to genes involved in cellular growth
How is HTLV-1 transmitted
Sexually, through breastfeeding, and by IV drug use (US)
HIV Integrase Inhibitors
Inhibit HIV genome integration into host cell chromosome by reversibly inhibiting HIV integrase
Drugs have “tegr” in middle
Raltegravir
Unique features of Reverse Transcriptase
Protein dimer that: 1) Can act as DNA Polymerase while using either RNA or DNA as template 2) Can remove RNA strand from RNA:DNA duplex
HIV protein that down-regulates CD4 and MHC Class I molecules
Nef
HIV Antibodies appear when?
3-8 weeks after infection
Preferred HIV co-receptor for sexual transmission
CCR5
Genes in genome of Retrovirus
Gag, Pol, Env, and LTR
Tax and HBZ
genes on HTLV-1 that promote viral gene expression and host cell cycle by binding to LTR or other cellular growth factors
HIV protein that stabilizes viral mRNA containing RRE by preventing splicing
Rev
Tat
HIV protein that acts as positive regulator of transcription by binding to region in LTR and recruiting RNA Polymerase II
Provirus
Virus that has integrated into genome
Treatment for HTLV-1
ATLL: anti-cancer therapy
TSP: antiretrovirals