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Foundations of Disease and Therapy > Autonomic Drugs > Flashcards

Autonomic Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Antidote for Atropine Overdose

A

Physostigmine

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2
Q

Symptoms of Muscarinic Agonist Overdose

A

DUMBBELS (or SLUDGE)

  1. Diarrhea
  2. Urination
  3. Miosis
  4. Bradycardia
  5. Brohchosecretions
  6. Emesis (vomiting/nausea)
  7. Lacrimation
  8. Salivation
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3
Q

Methacholine

A

“Marathon Challenge”

  • Choline Ester
  • Muscarinic Agonist
  • Induces Bronchospasms for Asthma Challenge Test
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4
Q

M3 Receptor Locations

A

Smooth Muscle, Exocrine Glands, Vascular Endothelium

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5
Q

Verenicline

A

“1-800-Very-Clean”

  • Partial Nicotinic Agonist
  • Used to treat nicotine addiction
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6
Q

Carbachol

A

“Closed hoodie to protect from Carbon fumes from Nicotine smoker”

  • Choline Ester
  • Muscarinic and Nicotinic agonist
  • Used to induce miosis (pupil constriction) during ocular surgery
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7
Q

Succinylcholine

A
  • Depolarizing Muscle Relaxer
  • Tightly binds to Nicotinic receptor at Neuromuscular Junction and causes deplolarization and depletion of all calcium
  • Use to paralyze muscles in short surgeries
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8
Q

Botox

A
  • Destroys Ach vesicles and prevents release at Neuromuscular Junction
  • Causes flacid paralysis
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9
Q

Alpha-Latrotoxin

A
  • Black widow venom
  • Causes massive release of Ach
  • Causes depolarizing paralysis
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10
Q

Diazinon

A
  • Organophosphate that Irreversibly Binds Acetylcholinesterase
  • Nerve gas
  • Will kill you
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11
Q

Pilocarpine

A

“Pile-of-Carp-ine”

  • Alkaloid
  • Muscarinic Agonist
  • Used to treat glaucoma and Sjorgeren’s Syndrome
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12
Q

Antidote for Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor Overdose

A

Atropine

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13
Q

Pyridostigmine

A
  • Carbamate Acytocholinesterase Inhibitor that does not penetrate CNS
  • Treatment for Myasthenia Gravis
  • Antidote to Curare Overdose
  • Can treat glaucoma
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14
Q

Acytocholinesterase Inhibitor Overdose

A

DUMBBELS + Muscle Paralysis/Cramping/Fasiculations

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15
Q

Ipratropium

A

“Cat-ipra-tro-pillar”

  • Synthetic Muscarinic Antagonist
  • Quarternary - does not get into CNS
  • Causes pupil dilation, increases HR, etc
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16
Q

Treatment for Organophosphate Poisioning

A

2-Pralidozime (2-PAM)

Atropine (for CNS)

17
Q

Antidote for Tubocurarine Overdose

A

Neostigmine or Pyridostigmine (Acetocholinesterase Inhibitor)

18
Q

Antidote to Malignant Hyperthermia

A

Dantrolene

19
Q

Trimethaphan

A
  • Blocks Ganglionic Nicotinic Receptor
  • Used to rapidly decrease blood pressure by inhibiting sympathetics (you inhibit parasympathetics too, but VSM has sympathetic tone)
20
Q

Antidote for Acetocholinesterase Inhibitor Overdose

A

Atropine

21
Q

Scopolamine

A

“Walrus with Scope”

  • Alkaloid Muscarinic Antagonist
  • Treats motion sickness
  • Causes pupil dilation
22
Q

Potential problems with Succinylcholine

A

Hyperkalemia and Malignant Hyperthermia

23
Q

Atropine

A
  • Alkaloid - can get into CNS
  • Muscarinic Antagonist
  • Reduces vagal tone (increase HR)
  • Can be used to stop heart block
  • Treat diarrhea
  • Dilates pupil
24
Q

Effects of Stimulating Nicotinic Receptors

A
  1. Skeletal Muscle Contraction
  2. Epinephrine secretion from Adrenal Glands
  3. Action Potentials in Post-Synaptic Autonomic Ganglia
25
Q

Pralidozime

A

Binds to organophosphate and removes it from Acetylcholinesterase

Antidote to Organophosphate poisioning

26
Q

Explain Process of Nitric Oxide Mediated Vasodilation

A

M3 Receptors on Vascular Endothelium trigger Calcium influx, which stimulates NO-Synthase to produce Nitric Oxide from Arginine.

Nitric Oxide causes vasodilation in nearby smooth muscle by stimulating an increase in cGMP

cGMP is degraded by Phosphodiesterase

PDE5 is the main Phosphodiesterase in the penis, and it can be inhibited with Sildenafil to maintain erections

27
Q

Symptoms of Muscarinic Antagonist Overdose

A
  • “Dry as a Bone” - dry skin, eyes, mouth
  • “Red as a Beet” - vasodilation in skin
  • “Hot as a Hare” - no sweating
  • “Blind as a Bat” - no accomidation, increased ocular pressure
  • “Mad as a Hatter” - seizure, coma
28
Q

M1 Receptor Locations

A

Brain, Enteric Nervous System (gut)

29
Q

Neostigmine

A
  • Carbamate Acytocholinesterase Inhibitor that does not penetrate CNS
  • Treatment for Myasthenia Gravis
  • Antidote to Curare Overdose
  • Can treat glaucoma
30
Q

Cevimeline

A
  • Synthetic Muscarinic Agonist
  • Used to treat Sjorgren’s Syndrome
31
Q

M2 Receptor Locations

A

Heart (SA and AV Nodes, Atrium)

32
Q

Cure for Succinylcholine Overdose

A

None; wait it out and put patient on ventilator

33
Q

Edrophonium

A

“Phone booth testing for Myasthenia Gravis”

  • Short-acting Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor
  • Used to diagnose Myasthenia Gravis
34
Q

Tubocurarine

A

“Curare Crayons blocking the end-plate socket”

  • Competitive blocker of the Neuromuscular Junction
  • Quarternary compound
  • Binds nicotinic receptors and leaves muscles in flacid state
  • Long acting, used to paralyze muscles during surgery
35
Q

Bethanechol

A

“Beth holding bladder firehose and colon cement mixer”

  • Choline Ester
  • Muscarinic Agonist
  • Treatment for Urinary Retention or used to get GI tract moving again after surgery
36
Q

Physostigmine

A
  • Carbamate Acytocholinesterase Inhibitor that rapidly penetrates CNS
  • Treatment for Atropine Poisioning
  • Treats Alzheimer’s and Dementia
  • Can treat glaucoma

Foundations of Disease and Therapy (12 decks)

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