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Competency > Wound Healing > Flashcards

Wound Healing Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 stages of wound healing?

A
  1. haemostasis
  2. inflammation
  3. proliferative
  4. remodelling
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2
Q

What are the 4 stages of Haemostasis?

A
  1. vasoconstriction
  2. primary Haemostasis (platelet aggregation)
  3. secondary haemostasis (coagulation with fibrin)
  4. clot stabilisation
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3
Q

What does astringent mean?

A

contraction of skin cells -> skin dryness

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4
Q

What can be used for oozing wounds?

A
  • potassium permanganate
  • saline wash
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5
Q

What is suitable for infants and children as a disinfectant?

A

octenisept

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6
Q

Is it better for wounds to heal in a dry or moist environment? Why?

A

Moist: allows cells to migrate & stay hydrated, contains MMP to debride dead tissues & bacteria

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7
Q

What is the difference between primary and secondary dressing?

A
  • primary: direct contact with wound surface
  • secondary: secures primary dressing & absorbs wound exudate
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8
Q

Examples of primary dressings?

A
  • melolin (low adherent absorbent pads)
  • jelonet (paraffin gauze)
  • bactigras (paraffin gauze with chlorhexidine)
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9
Q

Examples of secondary dressing?

A
  • opsite flexigrid
  • tegaderm
    (waterproof film dressing)
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10
Q

Examples of chronic wounds?

A
  • diabetic foot ulcers
  • pressure ulcers
  • venous leg ulcers
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11
Q

What is the TIME framework?

A
  • tissue non-viable or deficient
  • infection or inflammation
  • moisture balance
  • edge of wound
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12
Q

What wound products should be used for dry wounds?

A
  • hydrogel: give moisture to wound
  • hydrocolloid: absorb exudate, form gel over wound
  • wound ointments
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13
Q

What wound products should be used for moist wounds?

A
  • calcium alginate (e.g. kaltostat, algisite M)
  • hydrofiber
  • thin foams
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14
Q

What is special about calcium alginate?

A
  • can pack sinuses and cavities
  • absorbent, promote haemostasis
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15
Q

Is calcium alginate or hydrofibers more absorbent?

A

Hydrofibers

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16
Q

What is tulle gras and examples? Does it absorb exudate and why/why not?

A
  • mesh / cloth impregnated with substances (e.g. paraffin, petrolatum, CMC) -> reduce adhesion & better removal
  • does not absorb exudate -> promote moist wound env
  • e.g. jelonet, bactigras
17
Q

What is the purpose of silicone dressings?

A
  • more comfortable adhesion & removal
  • can conform to diff anatomical shapes
18
Q

What is the purpose of silver and what products can it be found in?

A
  • broad spectrum antimicrobial (even MRSA & VRE)
  • foams, calcium alginate, hydrofibre
19
Q

What is the purpose of iodine dressings and in which patients should they not be used in?

A
  • broad spectrum antimicrobial
  • CI hypersensitivity, hyperthyroid, pregnancy & lactation, children
20
Q

What is special about Mepilex transfer?

A

transfers exudate to secondary dressing without causing maceration to periwound

21
Q

How to manage skin tears?

A
  1. control bleeding (apply pressure, elevate limb, dressings that help with haemostasis)
  2. cleanse & debride
  3. manage infection / inflammation
  4. moisture balance & exudate control
  5. pain management
22
Q

What dressings should be considered for skin tear? What should not be used?

A
  • silicone dressing
  • non-adhesive contact layer
  • remover spray
  • skin barrier spray
    (do not use adhesives/gauze or those that dry wound)
23
Q

How to manage incontinence associated dermatitis?

A
  • skin protectants (creams, ointments, pastes, lotions, films)
  • skin cleansers
24
Q

What kind of ingredients do skin protectants contain?

A
  • petrolatum
  • zinc oxide
  • dimethicone
  • acrylate terpolymer
25
Q

What percentage of zinc oxide is used to prevent or treat incontinence associated dermatitis?

A
  • prevent: 10%, 20%
  • treat: 20%, 30%, 40%
26
Q

Is dimethicone used to prevent or treat incontinence associated dermatitis?

A

prevent

27
Q

How often should you reposition patient to prevent pressure ulcer?

A

Q2h if lying down, Q1h if sitting up

Competency (30 decks)

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