Wound Dressing Flashcards
1
Q
What are the primary goals of wound dressings?
A
- maintain a moist wound bed
- protect surrounding skin
- control exudate
- fill dead space
- protect wound from the environment
- allow gas exchange
- maintain normal thermia
- be impermeable to microorganisms
- be non-traumatic with removal.
2
Q
What are the benefits of moist wound healing?
A
- traps endogenous enzymes for autolytic debridement
- preserves growth factors
- reduces pain
- prevents hypertrophic scarring
- speeds up healing
3
Q
How can you protect surrounding skin when applying wound dressings?
A
- use skin protectants (e.g., dimethicone, silicone, zinc oxide)
- ensure proper drainage control
- avoid aggressive adhesives
- use gentle adhesives or moisturizers on intact skin
4
Q
What are the potential complications of excessive moisture in wound care?
A
- Maceration
- increased wound size
- higher infection risk
5
Q
What is the purpose of filling dead space in wound care?
A
- to confine packing material to the wound bed
- ensure sterile technique
- prevent abscess formation
6
Q
What functions do primary and secondary dressings serve?
A
Primary: Direct contact, antimicrobial, moisture balance.
Secondary: Protection, cushioning, absorption, and occlusion.
7
Q
Describe semipermeable film dressings and their contraindications.
A
Semipermeable Film:
- Thin polyurethane sheets with adhesive, allow gas exchange but are non-absorptive
- Contraindicated for infected or heavily draining wounds.
8
Q
What are the characteristics of hydrogel dressings?
A
- amorphous gel or sheet form
- maintains moisture
- reduces heat
- can absorb small exudate
- facilitates autolytic debridement
9
Q
What are the contraindications for hydrocolloid dressings?
A
- bleeding, heavily draining wounds
- infected wounds
- dry wounds
- arterial ulcers
- wounds with exposed tendons
10
Q
What are semipermeable foams and their indications?
A
Semipermeable Foams:
- Foam dressings that provide thermal insulation, conform to surfaces.
- Used for minimal to moderate exudating wounds like venous ulcers or burns.
11
Q
Explain alginate dressings and their indications.
A
- Highly absorbent dressings made from marine algae.
- Suitable for highly exudating wounds and tunneling wounds.
12
Q
Describe gauze dressings and their use.
A
Absorbent, permeable, and non-occlusive; used for packing, frequent changes, and managing various wound sizes and etiologies.
13
Q
What are impregnated gauze dressings?
A
Gauze with additives like petrolatum or bismuth, used for non-adherent dressing over granulating wounds or as antimicrobial dressing.
14
Q
What are antimicrobial wound dressings and their types?
A
Dressings with broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents like silver, iodine, PHMB, and DACC, used for infected wounds.
15
Q
What factors should be considered in clinical decision-making for wound dressings?
A
Moisture balance, drainage control, infection prevention, dressing frequency, and wound type (granulating, necrotic, or infected).
16
Q
Which of the following is a primary goal of wound dressings?
- A) To increase wound pH
- B) To maintain a moist wound bed
- C) To decrease oxygen exchange
- D) To reduce patient complaints without addressing wound healing
A
- B (Correct): A moist wound environment supports healing by trapping enzymes, reducing pain, and minimizing scarring.
- A (Incorrect): Wound pH should be balanced, not increased.
- C (Incorrect): Oxygen exchange is crucial for wound healing, so decreasing it would be counterproductive.
- D (Incorrect): While reducing patient discomfort is important, it should not come at the expense of wound healing.
17
Q
What type of wound dressing is typically used for partial-thickness burns and donor sites to maintain moisture?
- A) Hydrocolloids
- B) Alginates
- C) Hydrogels
- D) Impregnated gauze
A
- C (Correct): Hydrogels are designed to maintain moisture and are effective on partial-thickness burns and donor sites.
- A (Incorrect): Hydrocolloids are better suited for moisture-retentive applications, but they are not typically used for burns.
- B (Incorrect): Alginates are for highly exudating wounds due to their absorbent properties.
- D (Incorrect): Impregnated gauze is primarily used to protect granulation tissue and maintain a moist environment, but it’s less effective than hydrogels for burns.
18
Q
Which of the following wound dressings is impermeable to bacteria but permeable to oxygen, water vapor, and carbon dioxide?
- A) Semipermeable foam
- B) Semipermeable film
- C) Hydrocolloid
- D) Gauze
A
- B (Correct): Semipermeable film dressings are designed to be impermeable to bacteria, making them suitable for protecting wounds while allowing gas exchange.
- A (Incorrect): Semipermeable foam dressings are permeable to gas and provide moisture retention but have different properties regarding bacteria permeability.
- C (Incorrect): Hydrocolloids are relatively occlusive and may be impermeable to both gas and bacteria.
- D (Incorrect): Gauze is highly permeable and does not offer bacterial protection.
19
Q
Which wound dressing is most suitable for highly exudating wounds due to its high absorbent capacity?
- A) Hydrocolloids
- B) Alginates
- C) Impregnated gauze
- D) Transparent films
A
- B (Correct): Alginates are ideal for managing highly exudating wounds due to their exceptional absorbency.
- A (Incorrect): Hydrocolloids can absorb moisture but are not as effective as alginates for heavy exudate.
- C (Incorrect): Impregnated gauze is primarily used for maintaining moisture rather than absorbing large amounts of exudate.
- D (Incorrect): Transparent films are non-absorbent and mainly used for superficial wounds.
20
Q
Which dressing type is NOT recommended for infected wounds?
- A) Hydrocolloids
- B) Alginates
- C) Gauze
- D) Semipermeable foam
A
- A (Correct): Hydrocolloids are moisture-retentive and occlusive, making them unsuitable for infected wounds.
- B (Incorrect): Alginates are suitable for infected wounds because they absorb exudate and can help manage bioburden.
- C (Incorrect): Gauze can be used for both infected and non-infected wounds, allowing frequent dressing changes.
- D (Incorrect): Semipermeable foams can be used on infected wounds, especially when used as secondary dressings to absorb exudate.
21
Q
Which wound dressing promotes autolytic debridement and allows for wound visualization?
- A) Hydrogel
- B) Semipermeable film
- C) Alginate
- D) Hydrocolloid
A
- B (Correct): Semipermeable films encourage autolytic debridement and allow clinicians to monitor the wound without removing the dressing.
- A (Incorrect): Hydrogels maintain moisture and facilitate autolytic debridement but do not provide wound visualization.
- C (Incorrect): Alginates are highly absorbent but do not allow for wound visualization.
- D (Incorrect): Hydrocolloids also promote autolytic debridement but are opaque, preventing wound visualization.
22
Q
Which dressing is particularly effective for wounds with tunneling?
- A) Transparent film
- B) Hydrocolloid
- C) Alginate
- D) Semipermeable foam
A
- C (Correct): Alginates are suitable for filling wound tunnels and absorbing exudate, making them ideal for tunneling wounds.
- A (Incorrect): Transparent films are not used for tunneling wounds due to their non-absorbent nature.
- B (Incorrect): Hydrocolloids are not ideal for tunneling as they are primarily for surface wounds.
- D (Incorrect): Semipermeable foams can absorb exudate but are not designed for packing into tunnels.
23
Q
Which type of gauze dressing is impregnated with petrolatum and designed to protect granulation tissue?
- A) Wet-to-dry gauze
- B) Telfa gauze
- C) Adaptic gauze
- D) Kerlix
A
- C (Correct): Adaptic gauze is designed to protect granulation tissue and prevent it from adhering to the dressing.
- A (Incorrect): Wet-to-dry gauze is primarily used for mechanical debridement and can be traumatic to granulation tissue.
- B (Incorrect): Telfa gauze is non-adherent but does not contain petrolatum and is not specifically for granulation protection.
- D (Incorrect): Kerlix is a type of rolled gauze often used for packing or securing dressings but is not petrolatum-impregnated.
24
Q
Which dressing is known to support thermal insulation and maintain wound bed temperature for optimal healing?
- A) Hydrocolloid
- B) Semipermeable foam
- C) Transparent film
- D) Impregnated gauze
A
- B (Correct): Semipermeable foam dressings help retain warmth, supporting cell activity and perfusion in the wound bed.
- A (Incorrect): While hydrocolloids provide some insulation, semipermeable foams are more effective in this regard.
- C (Incorrect): Transparent films do not provide significant thermal insulation.
- D (Incorrect): Impregnated gauze does not offer thermal insulation, as it is primarily focused on maintaining moisture or delivering antimicrobials.
25
Q
Which dressing is used for wounds that need moisture added to the wound bed?
- A) Alginate
- B) Hydrogel
- C) Semipermeable foam
- D) Gauze
A
- B (Correct): Hydrogels add moisture, making them ideal for dry or minimally exudating wounds.
- A (Incorrect): Alginates absorb moisture and are meant for highly exudating wounds.
- C (Incorrect): Semipermeable foams absorb moisture but do not add it.
- D (Incorrect): Gauze is permeable and can be used for various purposes but does not actively add moisture.
26
Q
Which type of dressing is commonly used for donor sites due to its soothing effect and cooling properties?
- A) Hydrocolloid
- B) Alginate
- C) Hydrogel
- D) Transparent film
A
- C (Correct): Hydrogels maintain moisture and have a cooling, soothing effect, making them suitable for donor sites.
- A (Incorrect): Hydrocolloids are more adhesive and primarily used for moisture retention rather than cooling.
- B (Incorrect): Alginates are better for absorbing exudate and are not typically used for donor sites.
- D (Incorrect): Transparent films do not provide a cooling effect and are used for superficial wounds.
27
Q
Which of the following dressings creates a gel upon contact with wound moisture to maintain a moist environment?
- A) Transparent film
- B) Hydrocolloid
- C) Alginate
- D) Semipermeable foam
A
- C (Correct): Alginates create a hydrophilic gel upon contact with wound exudate, providing moisture balance.
- A (Incorrect): Transparent films do not form a gel; they simply cover the wound.
- B (Incorrect): Hydrocolloids also form a gel, but they are not as absorbent as alginates.
- D (Incorrect): Semipermeable foams absorb moisture but do not transform into a gel.
28
Q
Which dressing is primarily used to cover acute linear wounds without tissue loss?
- A) Skin glue
- B) Hydrogel
- C) Alginate
- D) Transparent film
A
- A (Correct): Skin glue acts as a primary wound closure option for acute linear wounds, eliminating the need for staples or sutures.
- B (Incorrect): Hydrogels are used to maintain moisture but are not suitable for primary closure.
- C (Incorrect): Alginates are used for absorbing exudate, not closing wounds.
- D (Incorrect): Transparent films protect superficial wounds but are not used for primary closure.
29
Q
Which dressing is best suited for wounds with fragile surrounding skin, minimizing trauma upon removal?
- A) Semipermeable film
- B) Non-adherent gauze
- C) Hydrocolloid
- D) Impregnated gauze
A
- B (Correct): Non-adherent gauze is suitable for wounds with fragile surrounding skin as it reduces the risk of trauma.
- A (Incorrect): Semipermeable films may adhere strongly, posing a risk to fragile skin.
- C (Incorrect): Hydrocolloids can be traumatic to remove, especially on delicate skin.
- D (Incorrect): Impregnated gauze can stick to the wound bed or surrounding skin, increasing the risk of trauma.
30
Q
Which dressing is suitable for managing minimal to moderate exudate while providing thermal insulation?
- A) Transparent film
- B) Semipermeable foam
- C) Alginate
- D) Hydrogel
A
- B (Correct): Semipermeable foam dressings absorb exudate and offer thermal insulation, making them suitable for wounds with minimal to moderate drainage.
- A (Incorrect): Transparent films do not absorb exudate and primarily protect the wound.
- C (Incorrect): Alginates are designed for high exudate absorption, not minimal to moderate.
- D (Incorrect): Hydrogels add moisture and are not as effective for absorbing exudate.
31
Q
Which dressing type contains antimicrobial agents, making it effective for reducing wound bioburden?
- A) Hydrogel
- B) Transparent film
- C) Silver-impregnated dressing
- D) Alginate
A
- C (Correct): Silver-impregnated dressings are specifically designed to manage wound infection by reducing bacteria.
- A (Incorrect): Hydrogels are primarily used to add moisture and do not typically contain antimicrobial agents.
- B (Incorrect): Transparent films do not have antimicrobial properties.
- D (Incorrect): Alginates are absorbent but not inherently antimicrobial.
32
Q
Which dressing is primarily indicated for minimally exudating necrotic wounds to facilitate autolytic debridement?
- A) Hydrogel
- B) Alginate
- C) Hydrocolloid
- D) Semipermeable foam
A
- C (Correct): Hydrocolloids are occlusive, retaining moisture and aiding in the breakdown of necrotic tissue in minimally exudating wounds.
- A (Incorrect): Hydrogels add moisture but are better suited for dry wounds rather than necrotic ones.
- B (Incorrect): Alginates are designed for highly exudating wounds.
- D (Incorrect): Semipermeable foams absorb moisture but are not intended for necrotic tissue debridement.
33
Q
Which dressing type requires a secondary dressing due to its non-adherent nature and lack of absorption?
- A) Transparent film
- B) Alginate
- C) Hydrogel sheets
- D) Impregnated gauze
A
- D (Correct): Impregnated gauze is used to protect granulation tissue and requires a secondary dressing to secure it.
- A (Incorrect): Transparent films may also need a secondary dressing in certain cases but are primarily designed as standalone dressings.
- B (Incorrect): Alginates generally require a secondary dressing, but they have high absorbent capacity.
- C (Incorrect): Hydrogel sheets provide moisture and typically need a secondary dressing to maintain position.
34
Q
Which type of dressing is specifically designed to absorb urine and stool in addition to wound exudate, acting as a barrier?
- A) Hydrogel
- B) Alginate
- C) Hydrocolloid
- D) Semipermeable film
A
- C (Correct): Hydrocolloids are impermeable to fluids like urine and stool, making them effective for maintaining a clean environment around the wound.
- A (Incorrect): Hydrogels add moisture but do not provide a barrier against external fluids.
- B (Incorrect): Alginates are highly absorbent but do not act as barriers to urine or stool.
- D (Incorrect): Semipermeable films protect against bacteria and moisture but are not as effective against urine or stool.
35
Q
Which dressing is most effective for autolytic debridement in wounds with slough?
- A) Transparent film
- B) Semipermeable foam
- C) Hydrogel
- D) Hydrocolloid
A
- D (Correct): Hydrocolloids retain moisture, facilitating the natural breakdown of slough through autolytic debridement.
- A (Incorrect): Transparent films also promote autolytic debridement but are less effective than hydrocolloids for wounds with slough.
- B (Incorrect): Semipermeable foams absorb moisture but do not excel at facilitating autolytic debridement.
- C (Incorrect): Hydrogels maintain moisture but are not as effective in managing slough as hydrocolloids.
36
Q
Which wound dressing is often used in conjunction with ultrasound therapy due to its ability to serve as a coupling medium?
- A) Alginate
- B) Hydrogel
- C) Semipermeable foam
- D) Hydrocolloid
A
- B (Correct): Hydrogels maintain moisture and are suitable for use as a coupling medium in ultrasound therapy.
- A (Incorrect): Alginates are primarily absorbent and not used as a coupling medium.
- C (Incorrect): Semipermeable foams provide moisture retention but are not suitable for ultrasound coupling.
- D (Incorrect): Hydrocolloids are not effective as coupling media for ultrasound therapy.
37
Q
Which dressing type can absorb up to 20 times its weight and is suitable for highly exudating wounds?
- A) Hydrogel
- B) Alginate
- C) Hydrocolloid
- D) Semipermeable film
A
- B (Correct): Alginates are designed to absorb large amounts of exudate, keeping the wound moist and managing drainage.
- A (Incorrect): Hydrogels add moisture rather than absorb it, making them unsuitable for highly exudating wounds.
- C (Incorrect): Hydrocolloids absorb moisture but do not reach the capacity of alginates.
- D (Incorrect): Semipermeable films are not absorbent and are used primarily to protect superficial wounds.
38
Q
Which dressing is most appropriate for venous insufficiency ulcers due to its high absorbency and conformability?
- A) Semipermeable foam
- B) Hydrocolloid
- C) Hydrogel
- D) Transparent film
A
- A (Correct): Semipermeable foams absorb exudate while providing padding and conformability, which is ideal for venous ulcers.
- B (Incorrect): Hydrocolloids are also used for ulcers but are less absorbent than semipermeable foams.
- C (Incorrect): Hydrogels are more appropriate for dry wounds and do not absorb as much exudate.
- D (Incorrect): Transparent films do not absorb exudate and are not suitable for venous ulcers.
39
Q
Which dressing should be avoided on third-degree burns due to its moisture-retentive properties?
- A) Semipermeable film
- B) Hydrocolloid
- C) Alginate
- D) Hydrogel
A
- B (Correct): Hydrocolloids create an occlusive environment, which is not suitable for third-degree burns that require ventilation and frequent monitoring.
- A (Incorrect): Semipermeable films are generally used for superficial wounds and not for severe burns, but they do not retain moisture to the same extent as hydrocolloids.
- C (Incorrect): Alginates are used for exudating wounds, not for third-degree burns.
- D (Incorrect): Hydrogels provide moisture and are sometimes used to soothe partial-thickness burns, not third-degree burns.
40
Q
Which type of dressing should be used to manage a heavily colonized wound?
- A) Hydrogel
- B) Silver-impregnated dressing
- C) Transparent film
- D) Semipermeable foam
A
- B (Correct): Silver-impregnated dressings help control bioburden in heavily colonized wounds.
- A (Incorrect): Hydrogels provide moisture but lack antimicrobial properties.
- C (Incorrect): Transparent films are not designed to reduce wound bioburden.
- D (Incorrect): Semipermeable foams absorb exudate but do not have inherent antimicrobial effects.
41
Q
Which dressing is often used to protect against shear forces on superficial wounds?
- A) Hydrocolloid
- B) Semipermeable film
- C) Alginate
- D) Gauze
A
- B (Correct): Semipermeable films are flexible and adhere well, reducing the risk of shear damage.
- A (Incorrect): Hydrocolloids are thicker and provide less protection against shear forces.
- C (Incorrect): Alginates are designed for highly exudating wounds, not shear protection.
- D (Incorrect): Gauze does not protect well against shear forces.
42
Q
Which specialty dressing is primarily used to manage wound odor by adsorbing bacteria and other pathogens on its surface?
- A) Honey-impregnated dressing
- B) Carbon dressing
- C) Collagen dressing
- D) Composite dressing
A
- B (Correct): Carbon dressings are used primarily to manage odor by adsorption without absorbing moisture into the wound bed.
- A (Incorrect): Honey-impregnated dressings have antimicrobial properties but are not specifically for odor control.
- C (Incorrect): Collagen dressings focus on donating collagen to the wound bed and improving tissue strength.
- D (Incorrect): Composite dressings are designed for absorption and barrier protection but do not specifically target odor management.
43
Q
Which dressing stimulates angioblasts, fibroblasts, and monocytes while also providing an antimicrobial effect?
- A) Carbon dressing
- B) Collagen dressing
- C) Honey-impregnated dressing
- D) Composite dressing
A
- C (Correct): Honey-impregnated dressings have both antimicrobial and healing-stimulating properties, making them effective for various wound types.
- A (Incorrect): Carbon dressings are mainly used for odor management, not for stimulating healing cells.
- B (Incorrect): Collagen dressings donate collagen to the wound bed but do not have the antimicrobial or cell-stimulating properties of honey.
- D (Incorrect): Composite dressings focus on moisture absorption and barrier protection, not cellular stimulation.
44
Q
Which dressing is designed to neutralize elevated matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in chronic wounds by donating collagen to the wound bed?
- A) Collagen dressing
- B) Hydrogel
- C) Alginate
- D) Composite dressing
A
- A (Correct): Collagen dressings promote healing by attracting fibroblasts and macrophages, as well as neutralizing harmful enzymes like MMPs.
- B (Incorrect): Hydrogels provide moisture but do not donate collagen or impact MMP levels.
- C (Incorrect): Alginates absorb exudate and do not interact with MMPs.
- D (Incorrect): Composite dressings provide multiple layers of protection but do not donate collagen or target MMPs.
45
Q
Which composite dressing layer provides a bacterial barrier while allowing moisture vapor transmission?
- A) Inner contact layer
- B) Middle absorbent layer
- C) Outer semipermeable layer
- D) Collagen layer
A
- C (Correct): The outer semipermeable layer in composite dressings prevents bacterial contamination while permitting moisture vapor to escape.
- A (Incorrect): The inner contact layer is designed to prevent trauma to the wound bed.
- B (Incorrect): The middle absorbent layer is responsible for managing exudate.
- D (Incorrect): Collagen layers are not typically a component of composite dressings.
46
Q
Which dressing type is contraindicated for wounds with exposed bone or tendon?
- A) Alginate
- B) Hydrocolloid
- C) Hydrogel
- D) Semipermeable foam
A
- B (Correct): Hydrocolloids can retain excessive moisture, which is not suitable for wounds with exposed bone or tendon.
- A (Incorrect): Alginates can be used with exposed structures as long as a secondary dressing is applied.
- C (Incorrect): Hydrogels are used to maintain moisture and can be used over exposed bone or tendon to keep tissues viable.
- D (Incorrect): Semipermeable foams can cover exposed structures, provided they are combined with appropriate primary dressings.
47
Q
Which type of skin substitute is derived from the patient’s own tissue, minimizing rejection risk?
- A) Allograft
- B) Autograft
- C) Xenograft
- D) Amnion
A
- B) Autograft - Autografts are derived from the patient’s own tissue, which minimizes the risk of rejection since the immune system recognizes the tissue as its own.
- A (Incorrect): Allografts come from a different person, increasing the chance of immune response.
- C (Incorrect): Xenografts are from a different species and have a higher rejection rate.
- D (Incorrect): Amnion is derived from human placenta but is not specific to the patient.
48
Q
Which skin substitute involves the use of tissues from a different species and has a higher likelihood of rejection?
- A) Allograft
- B) Autograft
- C) Xenograft
- D) Chorion
A
- C) Xenograft - Xenografts are skin substitutes sourced from a different species, such as pigs, and have a higher risk of rejection due to species incompatibility
- A (Incorrect): Allografts are from human donors and are more compatible than xenografts.
- B (Incorrect): Autografts are from the patient’s own tissue, making rejection unlikely.
- D (Incorrect): Chorion, part of human placenta, may be used in skin substitutes but is not a xenograft.
49
Q
Dialkylcarbamoyl chloride (DACC) dressings work by:
- A) Releasing antimicrobial agents directly into the wound bed
- B) Physically binding bacteria to reduce exotoxin production
- C) Absorbing moisture and drying out the wound
- D) Increasing collagen production
A
- B) Physically binding bacteria to reduce exotoxin production - Dialkylcarbamoyl chloride (DACC) dressings attract and bind bacteria, reducing their ability to release toxins, which helps control infection without directly releasing antimicrobial agents.
- A (Incorrect): DACC does not release antimicrobials; it binds bacteria.
- C (Incorrect): DACC’s primary function is not drying the wound but managing bacterial load.
- D (Incorrect): It does not stimulate collagen production.
50
Q
Which growth factor, found in wound healing products, promotes angiogenesis and is often used for chronic wounds?
- A) Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF)
- B) Platelet-Derived Growth Factor (PDGF)
- C) Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)
- D) Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-β)
A
- C) Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) - VEGF is involved in promoting angiogenesis (formation of new blood vessels), making it beneficial for chronic wound healing.
- A (Incorrect): EGF promotes epithelial cell proliferation but not angiogenesis.
- B (Incorrect): PDGF is important for cell proliferation but is not specifically angiogenic.
- D (Incorrect): TGF-β has roles in immune modulation and tissue repair but does not directly promote angiogenesis.
51
Q
In clinical decision-making, which factor is most important for choosing a dressing for a wound with slough and moderate drainage?
- A) Dressing impermeability
- B) Granulation status
- C) Absorptive capacity and autolytic debridement
- D) Frequency of dressing change
A
- C) Absorptive capacity and autolytic debridement - Wounds with slough and moderate drainage benefit from dressings that absorb exudate and promote autolytic debridement to break down necrotic tissue.
- A (Incorrect): Impermeability alone would not be suitable for wounds needing debridement.
- B (Incorrect): Granulation status influences dressing choice but is secondary for wounds with slough.
- D (Incorrect): Frequency of change is important but does not primarily address slough management.
52
Q
Which factor would most influence the frequency of dressing changes for a wound with high bioburden?
- A) Absorptive capacity
- B) Wound infection status
- C) Moisture balance
- D) Granulation tissue presence
A
- B) Wound infection status - For wounds with high bioburden, the infection status often necessitates more frequent dressing changes to reduce bacterial load and monitor healing.
- A (Incorrect): Absorptive capacity is relevant but secondary to controlling infection.
- C (Incorrect): Moisture balance is important but less critical than infection management.
- D (Incorrect): Granulation tissue presence would not determine frequency as directly as infection status.
