Worth 4 dot/ACA

Question 1

motor fusion

Answer 1

the ability to align the eyes such that sensory fusion can occur - stimulated by retinal disparity

Question 2

vergence

Answer 2

movement to prevent diplopia

Question 3

sensory fusion requirements

Answer 3

the two images must be (1) on corresponding retinal points and (2) similar in size, brightness, and sharpness

Question 4

1st degree of fusion

Answer 4

simultaneus perception

Question 5

2nd degree of fusion

Answer 5

flat fusion - common borders on target create one image between the two eyes

Question 6

3rd degree fusion

Answer 6

stereopsis - motor and sensory fusion

Question 7

worth 4 dot purpose

Answer 7

asses flat fusion at distance and near AND to quantify diplopia and/or suppression when present

Question 8

4 dots (worth 4 dot result)

Answer 8

fusion

Question 9

3 green dots (worth 4 dot result)

Answer 9

OD suppression

Question 10

2 red dots (worth 4 dot result)

Answer 10

OS suppression

Question 11

5 lights: 2 red to left, 3 green to right (worth 4 dot result)

Answer 11

crossed diplopia (exo deviation)

Question 12

5 lights: 2 red to right, 3 green to left (worth 4 dot result)

Answer 12

uncrossed diplopia (eso deviation)

Question 13

5 lights: 2 red dots above, 3 green below (worth 4 dot result)

Answer 13

right hypo/left hyper

Question 14

5 lights: 2 red below, 3 green above (worth 4 dot result)

Answer 14

right hyper/left hypo

Question 15

peripheral suppression

Answer 15

suppression at near

Question 16

central suppression

Answer 16

suppression at distance

Question 17

= 1.0 degrees scatoma size

Answer 17

foveal fusion

Question 18

1.1-3.0 degrees scatoma size

Answer 18

macular fusion

Question 19

> 3,0 degrees scatoma size

Answer 19

peripheral fusion

Question 20

40 cm test distance angle subtended

Answer 20

7.12 (peripheral)

Question 21

1 m test distance angle subtended on retina

Answer 21

2.9 degrees (macular)

Question 22

3 m test distance angle subtended on retina

Answer 22

0.97 degrees (foveal)

Question 23

shallow suppression

Answer 23

only present in normal room illumination

Question 24

deep suppression

Answer 24

persists in dim (“artificial conditions”)

Question 25

AC/A

Answer 25

fixed ratio (due to neuromuscular relationship) between accommodative convergence and accommodation
(prism diopters)/(diopters)

Question 26

Low AC/A

Answer 26

difficulty accommodating/converging

• exo = convergence insufficiency
• eso = divergence insufficiency

Question 27

calculated AC/A

Answer 27

AC/A = PD(cm) + FD(m)(Pn-Pf)

eso (+); exo (-)

Question 28

gradient AC/A

Answer 28

requires 2 measurements of phoria at near with different accommodative demand

Question 29

expected AC/A

Answer 29

2/1 - 6/1

Question 30

low AC/A

Answer 30

less than 2/1

Question 31

high AC/A

Answer 31

greater than 6/1

Question 32

lenses added to ortho for gradient AC/A

Answer 32

minus

Question 33

lenses added to exo for gradient AC/A

Answer 33

minus

Question 34

lenses added to eso for gradient AC/A

Answer 34

plus

Question 35

clinical application for AC/A and convergence excess

Answer 35

high AC/A’s are managed optically; convergence excess = bifocals

Question 36

clinical application of overminus

Answer 36

stimulate convergence and accommodation in intermittent exotropia and PEDIG(?)