Pupils

Question 1

Muscle that causes dilation

Answer 1

Dilator pupillae

Question 2

Muscle that causes eye constriction

Answer 2

Sphincter pupillae

Question 3

Parasympathetic

Answer 3

Constrict

Question 4

Sympathetic

Answer 4

Dilate

Question 5

Meiosis

Answer 5

Pupillary light reflex

Parasympathetic inner action

Question 6

First order of miosis

Answer 6

Afferent
Signal from retina to pretectal nuclei
…

Question 7

Second order miosis

Answer 7

Efferent
Pretectal nuclei to both Edinburgh-Westphalia nuclei
(Stimulus causes constriction in both)

Question 8

Third order miosis

Answer 8

Efferent
Preganglion motor
Edinger-Westphal Nucleus to ciliary ganglion
…

Question 9

Fourth order miosis

Answer 9

Efferent

Postganglion motor

Question 10

Mydriasis

Answer 10

Sympathetic inner action

Question 11

First order mydriasis

Answer 11

Efferent

Posterior hypothalamus to ciliospinal center of budge

Question 12

Second order mydriasis

Answer 12

Efferent

Ciliospinal center of budge to superior cervical ganglion

Question 13

Third order mydriasis

Answer 13

Superior cervical ganglion to ciliary body and dilator pupillae

Question 14

Decussation of neurons to contralateral sides

Answer 14

1st order at optic chiasm

Question 15

Bilateral innervations

Answer 15

2nd order, pretectal nucleus to edinger-westphal nucleus

Question 16

Direct/consensual/near reflex

Answer 16

part 1
shine light in eye look at eye, then look at secondary eye
dim room just enough to see pupils

Question 17

Swinging flashlight (marcus-gunn)

Answer 17

go back and forth in a straight line
pause 1 s on each eye to asses response (x3)
pause 3 s on each eye to assess response (x3)

Question 18

Pupil size

Answer 18

look at pupils for equal size within 0.5 mm, and that they change at an equal size

Question 19

direct response

Answer 19

reaction of the pupil directly being stimulated

Question 20

consensual response

Answer 20

reaction of the fellow pupil when opposite eye being stimulated

Question 21

Hippus

Answer 21

pupil doesn’t stay one size/pupil doesn’t stay still

benign

Question 22

APD

Answer 22

detection of abnormalities due to disruption of the afferent pathway
measured (-), 1+, 2+, 3+, 4+

Question 23

Near Accommodative Pupil Response (“Near Triad”)

Answer 23

accommodation
miosis
convergence

only tested when no/poor reaction to light in both pupils

Question 24

Anisocoria

Answer 24

unequal pupil size

can be pathological or physiological

Question 25

photopic

Answer 25

light conditions

Question 26

scotopic

Answer 26

dim conditions

Question 27

PERRLA

Answer 27

Pupils Equal Round Reactive to Light and Accomadation