Worshop: Skin conditions Flashcards
Name 4 viral infections
- Chicken pox
- Shingles
- Slapped cheek
- Hand, foot and mouth
What are the symptoms of chicken pox?
Itchy spots that become blisters then scab, can be anywhere on the body.
What are the causes of chickenpox?
- Caused by the varicella-zoster virus
- Contagious
What is the treatment and advice for chickenpox?
- Paractemol for fever
- Antihistamine to reduce itch
- Calamine lotion and cooling gells to easy itch
- Keep nails trimmed, wear soft, loose clothes, bathe in cool water
When should chicken pox be referred?
- If serious complications (severe skin/ soft tissue infection, pneumonia, encephalitis or dehydration)
- Pregnant, neonate or immunocompromised people should seek specialist advice
What is the presentation of shingles?
- Painful rash usually on one side of the body or face, usually waistline
What causes shingles?
Varicella-zoster virus. The virus remainsdormantonce you have had chickenpox and remains in the dorsal root ganglia and can be reactivated at a
What is the treatment and advice for shingles?
PGD - Aciclovir 800mg five times a day for 7 days. Paracetamol for pain. Wear loose clothes. Apply a cool comoress a few times a day
What is slapped cheek?
Can be caused by a virus called parvovirus B19. Found in droplets by coughing or sneezing from someone infected. Appears as a red rash on one or both cheeks. Symptoms include a high temperature, headache, runny nose and sore throat.
What is the treatment for slapped cheek?
- Ibuprofen or paracetamol for headache and temperature
- Moisturizer on itchy skin or antihistamine
What are the symptoms for hand, foot and mouth virus?
Sore throat
High temperature
Decreased appetite
Rash on hands and feet, sometimes thighs
Mouth ulcers
What are the causes of hand, foot and mouth virus?
Spread by droplets or direct contact with infection
What is the treatment of hand, foot and mouth virus?
Drink lots of fluids
Eat soft foods
Paracetamol and ibuprofen
What is cellulitis?
Bacterial infection. Can infect deeper layers of skin if its broken. Makes your skin red, painful, hot and swollen.
What is the treatment for cellulitis?
Fluxloxacillan 500mg four times a day for 5 days
What advice is given for cellulitis?
Take antibiotics on an empty stomach. Must complete course of antibiotics. If rash or other signs of hypersensitivity occur, stop taking the medicine. Common side effects of flucloxacillin are diarrhoea and vomiting.Take paracetamol or ibuprofen if there is any pain, raise theaffected body part on a pillow or chair when you’re sitting or lying down, to reduce swelling and drink plenty of fluids.
What causes an infected finger/ toe nail?
Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes
What are the sings and treatment of an infected finger/ toe?
Pain, swelling and tenderness around the nail.
Skin that is red and warm to the touch.
Pus that builds up under the skin
Treated with flucloxacillan capsules 500mg four times a day for 5 days.
What is acne vulgaris?
blackheads and whiteheads, papules, pustules, inflamed nodules, superficial pus filled cysts, and (in extreme cases) canalising and deep, inflamed, sometimes purulent sacs.
What causes acne vulgaris?
Blockage and inflammation of the pilosebaceous unit (the hair follicle, hair shaft and sebaceous gland)
This can be due to bacteria (e.g. Staphylococcus epidermidis or C. acnes) or excess oil (sebum) production that can combine with dead skin cells
What is the treatment for acne vulgaris?
- Benzoyl peroxide gel or face wash
- Topical adapalene with topical benzoyl peroxide
- Mild to severe: Topical azelaic acid (15% or 20%) applied twice daily, with either oral lymecycline 408 mg or oral doxycycline 100 mg once daily.
What causes an antibiotic rash and what is the presentation and treatment?
- Penicillan
- Raised itchy skin, cough, wheeze, tight throat
- Treated with withdrawal of drug, antihistamines, corticosteroids to treat inflammation, drink plenty of water to flush out toxins
What is the most common cause of a meningitis rash and how is it treated?
- Meningococcal bacteria is the most common cause
- Treated using antibiotics - benzylpencillin, fluids to prevent dehydration, oxygen therapy if breathing difficulties, steroid medication to help reduce swelling around brain
what is the Treatment and Advice for warts and veruccaes?
- Can take up to a year to fall off themselves
- Bazuka - salicylic acid, apply once daily until wart disapears
- Crypotherapy - freezing them off
What causes molluscum contagiosum?
An infection caused by a poxvirus, it spreads through direct contact
What causes molluscum contagiosum?
An infection caused by a poxvirus, it spreads through direct contact
How is molluscum contagiosum treated?
Usually clears itself. Antibiotics if your spots become infected. Steroid to treat itchy, dry and sore skin
What causes a cold sore and how is it treated?
Herpes simplex virus. Spreads through direct contact. Treated using aciclovir applied every 4 hours.
What is ringworm?
A common fungal infection. A circle rash with an outer rim and can appear anywhere on the body. It is passed by close contact with an infected person/ object and soil. It can be treated with clotrimazole aplied to the affected area 2-3 times a day
What is athletes foot?
Caused by damp socks, shoes, warm humid conditions and contact with infected surfaces. Can be treated using terbinafine 1% cream, 1-2 times a day for 2 weeks
What is jock itch?
Fungus that spreads by sharing towels. Its a form of ringworm that likes to live in warm moist places on your body. Symptoms include; itch, burning red scaly circular rash. Treated using clotrimazole, miconazole, terbinafine
What is a nappy rash?
Red, raw patches on a babys bottom. Caused by nappy rubbing against skin, not cleaning properly, allergic reaction to soap. Treated using metanium, nappy rash ointment. For moderate - hydrocortisone 1%. If severe - antibiotic.
