Worshop: Skin conditions

Question 1

Name 4 viral infections

Answer 1

• Chicken pox
• Shingles
• Slapped cheek
• Hand, foot and mouth

Question 2

What are the symptoms of chicken pox?

Answer 2

Itchy spots that become blisters then scab, can be anywhere on the body.

Question 3

What are the causes of chickenpox?

Answer 3

• Caused by the varicella-zoster virus
• Contagious

Question 4

What is the treatment and advice for chickenpox?

Answer 4

• Paractemol for fever
• Antihistamine to reduce itch
• Calamine lotion and cooling gells to easy itch
• Keep nails trimmed, wear soft, loose clothes, bathe in cool water

Question 5

When should chicken pox be referred?

Answer 5

• If serious complications (severe skin/ soft tissue infection, pneumonia, encephalitis or dehydration)
• Pregnant, neonate or immunocompromised people should seek specialist advice

Question 6

What is the presentation of shingles?

Answer 6

• Painful rash usually on one side of the body or face, usually waistline

Question 7

What causes shingles?

Answer 7

Varicella-zoster virus. The virus remainsdormantonce you have had chickenpox and remains in the dorsal root ganglia and can be reactivated at a

Question 8

What is the treatment and advice for shingles?

Answer 8

PGD - Aciclovir 800mg five times a day for 7 days. Paracetamol for pain. Wear loose clothes. Apply a cool comoress a few times a day

Question 9

What is slapped cheek?

Answer 9

Can be caused by a virus called parvovirus B19. Found in droplets by coughing or sneezing from someone infected. Appears as a red rash on one or both cheeks. Symptoms include a high temperature, headache, runny nose and sore throat.

Question 10

What is the treatment for slapped cheek?

Answer 10

• Ibuprofen or paracetamol for headache and temperature
• Moisturizer on itchy skin or antihistamine

Question 11

What are the symptoms for hand, foot and mouth virus?

Answer 11

Sore throat
High temperature
Decreased appetite
Rash on hands and feet, sometimes thighs
Mouth ulcers

Question 12

What are the causes of hand, foot and mouth virus?

Answer 12

Spread by droplets or direct contact with infection

Question 13

What is the treatment of hand, foot and mouth virus?

Answer 13

Drink lots of fluids
Eat soft foods
Paracetamol and ibuprofen

Question 14

What is cellulitis?

Answer 14

Bacterial infection. Can infect deeper layers of skin if its broken. Makes your skin red, painful, hot and swollen.

Question 15

What is the treatment for cellulitis?

Answer 15

Fluxloxacillan 500mg four times a day for 5 days

Question 16

What advice is given for cellulitis?

Answer 16

Take antibiotics on an empty stomach. Must complete course of antibiotics. If rash or other signs of hypersensitivity occur, stop taking the medicine. Common side effects of flucloxacillin are diarrhoea and vomiting.Take paracetamol or ibuprofen if there is any pain, raise theaffected body part on a pillow or chair when you’re sitting or lying down, to reduce swelling and drink plenty of fluids.

Question 17

What causes an infected finger/ toe nail?

Answer 17

Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes

Question 18

What are the sings and treatment of an infected finger/ toe?

Answer 18

Pain, swelling and tenderness around the nail.
Skin that is red and warm to the touch.
Pus that builds up under the skin
Treated with flucloxacillan capsules 500mg four times a day for 5 days.

Question 19

What is acne vulgaris?

Answer 19

blackheads and whiteheads, papules, pustules, inflamed nodules, superficial pus filled cysts, and (in extreme cases) canalising and deep, inflamed, sometimes purulent sacs.

Question 20

What causes acne vulgaris?

Answer 20

Blockage and inflammation of the pilosebaceous unit (the hair follicle, hair shaft and sebaceous gland)
This can be due to bacteria (e.g. Staphylococcus epidermidis or C. acnes) or excess oil (sebum) production that can combine with dead skin cells

Question 21

What is the treatment for acne vulgaris?

Answer 21

• Benzoyl peroxide gel or face wash
• Topical adapalene with topical benzoyl peroxide
• Mild to severe: Topical azelaic acid (15% or 20%) applied twice daily, with either oral lymecycline 408 mg or oral doxycycline 100 mg once daily.

Question 22

What causes an antibiotic rash and what is the presentation and treatment?

Answer 22

• Penicillan
• Raised itchy skin, cough, wheeze, tight throat
• Treated with withdrawal of drug, antihistamines, corticosteroids to treat inflammation, drink plenty of water to flush out toxins

Question 23

What is the most common cause of a meningitis rash and how is it treated?

Answer 23

• Meningococcal bacteria is the most common cause
• Treated using antibiotics - benzylpencillin, fluids to prevent dehydration, oxygen therapy if breathing difficulties, steroid medication to help reduce swelling around brain

Question 24

what is the Treatment and Advice for warts and veruccaes?

Answer 24

• Can take up to a year to fall off themselves
• Bazuka - salicylic acid, apply once daily until wart disapears
• Crypotherapy - freezing them off

Question 25

What causes molluscum contagiosum?

Answer 25

An infection caused by a poxvirus, it spreads through direct contact

Question 26

What causes molluscum contagiosum?

Answer 26

An infection caused by a poxvirus, it spreads through direct contact

Question 27

How is molluscum contagiosum treated?

Answer 27

Usually clears itself. Antibiotics if your spots become infected. Steroid to treat itchy, dry and sore skin

Question 28

What causes a cold sore and how is it treated?

Answer 28

Herpes simplex virus. Spreads through direct contact. Treated using aciclovir applied every 4 hours.

Question 29

What is ringworm?

Answer 29

A common fungal infection. A circle rash with an outer rim and can appear anywhere on the body. It is passed by close contact with an infected person/ object and soil. It can be treated with clotrimazole aplied to the affected area 2-3 times a day

Question 30

What is athletes foot?

Answer 30

Caused by damp socks, shoes, warm humid conditions and contact with infected surfaces. Can be treated using terbinafine 1% cream, 1-2 times a day for 2 weeks

Question 31

What is jock itch?

Answer 31

Fungus that spreads by sharing towels. Its a form of ringworm that likes to live in warm moist places on your body. Symptoms include; itch, burning red scaly circular rash. Treated using clotrimazole, miconazole, terbinafine

Question 32

What is a nappy rash?

Answer 32

Red, raw patches on a babys bottom. Caused by nappy rubbing against skin, not cleaning properly, allergic reaction to soap. Treated using metanium, nappy rash ointment. For moderate - hydrocortisone 1%. If severe - antibiotic.