Lecture 14: Health Promotion Flashcards

1
Q

What cancers does smoking cause?

A
  • Head/ neck
  • Lung
  • Leukoemia
  • Stomach
  • Kidney
  • Pancreas
  • Colol
  • Bladder
  • Cervix
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2
Q

What chronic diseases does smoking cause?

A
  • Stroke
  • Blindness
  • Gum infection
  • Aortic rupture
  • Heart disease
  • Pneumonia
  • Hardening of the arteries
  • Chronic lung disease & asthma
  • Reduced fertility
  • Hip fracture
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3
Q

What are the effects of smoking on arteries and the heart?

A
  • can damage the lining of the blood vessels and cause the build-up of fatty deposits in the arteries (atherosclerosis)
  • raises the heart rate and blood pressure by causing narrowing of the blood vessels (vasoconstriction)
  • increases the likelihood of forming blood clots in the arteries leading to heart attacks. It reduces the flow of oxygen to the heart and damages the heart muscles
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4
Q

What cancer causes the most deaths?

A

Lung cancer

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5
Q

Why is tobacco addictive?

A
  • Physically addictive due to nicotine
  • Behavioral addiction : situations linked with tobacco use
  • Emotional addiction: becomes a coping mechanism
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6
Q

How is nicotine addictive?

A

Nicotine can enter the brain within 10 seconds of inhaling tobacco smoke. Once it enters the brain, it sets off a cascade of 7 transmitters along something called the “dopamine reward pathway”. The dopamine reward pathway is just a system of changes in brain chemistry that makes you feel good in response to doing something.

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7
Q

What is the social cognitive theory?

A

focuses on the role of observing and learning from others, and on positive and negative reinforcement of behaviour.

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8
Q

What is the theory of planned behavior?

A

Assumes that people’s behaviour is determined by intention (Choice)

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9
Q

What is the transtheoretical model (stages of change model)

A

Thinking of quitting/ not thinking of quitting

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10
Q

What is the quit plan?

A

S-specific
M-meausurable
A- Attainable
R- Relevant
T- time based

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11
Q

What do you need to be aware of when quitting?

A
  • Nicotine withdrawal
  • Triggers
  • Social situations
  • Relapse
  • Weight management
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12
Q

What are signs of nicotine withdrawals?

A

Irritability, sleepiness, anxiety, anger, sadness, restlessness, insomnia, increased appetite, sweating

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13
Q

What are the coping strategies?

A

Delay, Distract, Drink water, Deep breaths, Discuss

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14
Q

What are the treatments to help quit smoking?

A
  • nicotine replacement therapy (NRT)/therapeutic nicotine: nicotine patch, gum, lozenges (mini), inhaler and mouth spray
  • Bupropion (Zyban; nicotine free pill; prescription drug)
  • Varenicline (Champix; nicotine free pill; prescription drug)
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15
Q

How do you calculate pack year history?

A

Number of cigarettes smoked a day/ 20 X Number of years the patient has smoked

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16
Q

What are the key assessment points you would cover when completing a smoking quit plan

A
  • Assess current smoking and impact
  • Set a quit date
  • Prepare for withdrawal
  • Choose method of quitting
  • Decide if and what kind of medication to use
  • Ask for support
  • Plan and use new coping strategies